Natural or synthetic nucleic acids encapsulated in a closed cavity of amphiphiles

Abstract

In this review some aspects of the interactions of organized structures of amphiphiles with natural or synthetic DNAs are briefly considered. In particular DNAs encapsulated in closed cavities of amphiphiles, specifically giant vesicles and water-in-oil droplets and reverse micelles, are dealt with. Two main applications of giant vesicles are reviewed in detail, namely their use as microreactors where reactions can be followed by optical microscopy on a single vesicle and in synthetic biology as protocell models or as potential semi-synthetic "living" cells. Water-in-oil droplets uses for rapid and relatively low-cost DNA amplification by PCR reaction are described as well as for in vitro transcription and translation. A large variety of non-Watson-Crick conformations of polynucleotides observed in the aqueous inner core of reverse micelles is illustrated and compared with those observed in matched water solutions. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013

Manipulation of Confined Polyelectrolyte Conformations through Dielectric Mismatch

“…The influence of spatial confinement on polyelectrolytes has been extensively investigated. − The equilibrium conformation of a highly charged polymer chain confined in a cavity is evidently governed by the interplay between energetic and entropic factors coming from the confinement shape and size relative to the chain length, the chain bending stiffness, the electrostatic interaction between the charged monomers, counterions, and the solvent, as well as their configurational entropy. For short flexible polyelectrolytes confined in a neutral spherical cavity, Kumar and Muthukumar using self-consistent field theory demonstrated that, for a given radius of the spherical cavity and fixed charge density along the backbone of the chain, solvent and small ion entropies dominate over all other contributions to the free energy.…”