Natural occurrence of steroid hormones in food

Hartmann, Sonja; Lacorn, Markus; Steinhart, Hans

doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(97)00150-7

Cited by 224 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Based on our data, a theoretical daily consumption of 3 l mineral water (drinking water required to maintain hydration, Howard and Bartram 2003) would result in a mean total intake of 54 ng EEQ per day. In a worst case scenario (3 l of brand C-P), the total daily intake would increase to 226 ng EEQ per day, exceeding the intake of estrogens naturally found in food (Hartmann et al 1998) by more than 100%. In a more recent study, Courant et al (2007) analytically determined concentrations of 23 ng/l 17ß-estradiol in milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore it seems justifiable to put the estrogenic potencies measured in mineral water in context with endogenous estrogens found in food and beverages. Hartmann et al (1998) proposed that dairy products are the main source for steroidal estrogens and calculated a total daily intake of 80-100 ng estrogens per day for adults. Based on our data, a theoretical daily consumption of 3 l mineral water (drinking water required to maintain hydration, Howard and Bartram 2003) would result in a mean total intake of 54 ng EEQ per day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles

Wagner

Oehlmann

2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

289

178

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Background, aim, and scope Food consumption is an important route of human exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. So far, this has been demonstrated by exposure modeling or analytical identification of single substances in foodstuff (e.g., phthalates) and human body fluids (e.g., urine and blood). Since the research in this field is focused on few chemicals (and thus missing mixture effects), the overall contamination of edibles with xenohormones is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the integrated estrogenic burden of bottled mineral water as model foodstuff and to characterize the potential sources of the estrogenic contamination. Materials, methods, and results In the present study, we analyzed commercially available mineral water in an in vitro system with the human estrogen receptor alpha and detected estrogenic contamination in 60% of all samples with a maximum activity equivalent to 75.2 ng/l of the natural sex hormone 17β-estradiol. Furthermore, breeding of the molluskan model Potamopyrgus antipodarum in water bottles made of glass and plastic [polyethylene terephthalate (PET)] resulted in an increased reproductive output of snails cultured in PET bottles. This provides first evidence that substances leaching from plastic food packaging materials act as functional estrogens in vivo.Discussion and conclusions Our results demonstrate a widespread contamination of mineral water with xenoestrogens that partly originates from compounds leaching from the plastic packaging material. These substances possess potent estrogenic activity in vivo in a molluskan sentinel. Overall, the results indicate that a broader range of foodstuff may be contaminated with endocrine disruptors when packed in plastics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles

Wagner

Oehlmann

2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

289

178

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“…[19][20][21][22] Many of these bioactive molecules survive processing and, in the case of cheese, fermentation results in the production of more testosterone from precursors in milk. 19 The hormones in milk are carried by the whey protein fractions. 23 These proteins, including α-lactalbumin, also have intrinsic biological functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk consumption and acne in teenaged boys

Adebamowo

Spiegelman

Berkey

et al. 2008

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

228

180

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Objective-We sought to examine the association between dietary dairy intake and teenaged acne among boys.Methods-This was a prospective cohort study. We studied 4273 boys, members of a prospective cohort study of youths and of lifestyle factors, who reported dietary intake on up to 3 food frequency questionnaires from 1996 to 1998 and teenaged acne in 1999. We computed multivariate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for acne.Results-After adjusting for age at baseline, height, and energy intake, the multivariate prevalence ratios (95% confidence interval; P value for test of trend) for acne comparing highest (>2 servings/d) with lowest (<1/wk) intake categories in 1996 were 1.16 (1.01, 1.34; 0.77) for total milk, 1.10 (0.94, 1.28; 0.83) for whole/2% milk, 1.17 (0.99, 1.39; 0.08) for low-fat (1%) milk, and 1.19 (1.01, 1.40; 0.02) for skim milk.Limitations-Not all members of the cohort responded to the questionnaire. Acne assessment was by self-report and boys whose symptoms might have been part of an underlying disorder were not excluded. We did not adjust for steroid use and other lifestyle factors that may affect occurrence of acne.Conclusion-We found a positive association between intake of skim milk and acne. This finding suggests that skim milk contains hormonal constituents, or factors that influence endogenous hormones, in sufficient quantities to have biological effects in consumers. Reprints not available from the authors. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptAcne remains a substantial cause of morbidity and occasional mortality among adolescents and young adults. 1 It is a common, chronic, and self-limiting skin disease that causes physical and psychologic morbidity in up to 90% of adolescents and young adults. 2 In Western countries, it affects all ages, but its maximum prevalence peaks at 16 to 18 years when 75% to 98% of this age group is affected. 2 Even though acne is more common in girls, overall and below the age of 12 years, after 15 years of age it is slightly more common in boys. 3 Acne results from androgen-stimulated hyperkeratinization and obstruction of the pilosebaceous follicles secondary to failure of normal desquamation of the follicular epithelium; androgen-stimulated sebum production; subsequent colonization of the follicles by Propionibacterium acnes and Malassezia species ; and, variably, inflammation. 4 Previous studies have shown an association between dietary intake of milk and prevalence of teenaged acne. Ecological studies suggest an association between Western diet and acne 5 whereas Robinson 6 reported that among 1925 patients who kept a food diary, the majority implicated milk in acne flares. In a previous study of US female nurses who reported their high-school diet and prevalence of physician-diagnosed severe teenaged acne, we found a positive association with intake of total and skim milk. 7 We also found a positive association between milk consumption and prevalence of acne among a prospective co...

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“…2 In addition to fats, protein and calcium, milk and dairy products contain considerable amounts of female sex hormones such as estrogens and progesterone. 17 The high hormone content in milk is because present-day milk is produced from pregnant cows. 18 It is not unreasonable to hypothesize that estrogens or progesterone in milk and dairy products are associated with the development of testicular cancer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and mortality of testicular and prostatic cancers in relation to world dietary practices

Ganmaa

Wang

et al. 2001

Intl Journal of Cancer

113

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The incidence and mortality rates of testicular and prostatic cancers in 42 countries were correlated with the dietary practices in these countries using the cancer rates (1988 -92) provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the food supply data (1961-90) provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Among the food items we examined, cheese was most closely correlated with the incidence of testicular cancer at ages 20 -39, followed by animal fats and milk. The correlation coefficient (r) was highest (r ‫؍‬ 0.804) when calculated for cheese consumed during the period 1961-65 (maternal or prepubertal consumption). Stepwise-multiple-regression analysis revealed that milk ؉ cheese (1961-65) made a significant contribution to the incidence of testicular cancer (standardized regression coefficient [R] ‫؍‬ 0.654). Concerning prostatic cancer, milk (1961-90) was most closely correlated (r ‫؍‬ 0.711) with its incidence, followed by meat and coffee. Stepwise-multipleregression analysis identified milk ؉ cheese as a factor contributing to the incidence of prostatic cancer (R ‫؍‬ 0.525). The food that was most closely correlated with the mortality rate of prostatic cancer was milk (r ‫؍‬ 0.766), followed by coffee, cheese and animal fats. Stepwise-multiple-regression analysis revealed that milk ؉ cheese was a factor contributing to mortality from prostatic cancer (R ‫؍‬ 0.580). The results of our study suggest a role of milk and dairy products in the development and growth of testicular and prostatic cancers. The close correlation between cheese and testicular cancer and between milk and prostatic cancer suggests that further mechanistic studies should be undertaken concerning the development of male genital organ cancers. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: testicular cancer; prostatic cancer; dietary practices; milk; cheeseJapanese lifestyle underwent drastic changes after the end of the Pacific War (1945). Most conspicuous was the change in dietary practices. The intake of milk and dairy products, meat and eggs increased 20-, 9-and 7-fold, respectively, during the 48 years between 1950 and 1998. It has been observed that in Japanese males born before 1945, death from testicular cancer peaked in their thirties or forties, whereas in those born after 1946, the peak was in their twenties (a birth cohort effect). From these observations, Ganmaa et al. 1 presumed that the development of testicular cancer in Japanese men is related to the dietary practices of Japanese boys at the time of puberty or earlier.The age-adjusted death rate of prostatic cancer has risen 25-fold almost linearly during the last 48 years from 1947-95, with no birth cohort effect on the death rate. From this, Ganmaa et al. 1 also presumed that the increased death from this cancer relates to an accumulation of the effects of dietary factors throughout life.The incidence of testicular cancer in western countries has steadily risen in the past 40 or 50 years. 2-4 Prostatic cancer is the most common cancer among men in...

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Natural occurrence of steroid hormones in food

Cited by 224 publications

References 43 publications

Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles

Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles

Milk consumption and acne in teenaged boys

Incidence and mortality of testicular and prostatic cancers in relation to world dietary practices

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