Natural Occurrence of 16 Fusarium Toxins in Grains and Feedstuffs of Plant Origin from Germany

Abstract

A total of 220 samples comprising cereals, cereal byproducts, corn plants and corn silage as well as non-grain based feedstuffs was randomly collected during 2000 and 2001 from sources located in Germany and analysed for 16 Fusarium toxins. The trichothecenes scirpentriol (SCIRP), 15-monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), T-2 tetraol, T-2 triol, HT-2 and T-2 toxin (HT-2, T-2), neosolaniol (NEO), deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivealenol (15-ADON), nivalenol (NIV) and fusarenon-X (FUS-X) were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Zearalenone (ZEA) and alpha- and beta-zearalenol (alpha- and beta-ZOL) were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and UV-detection. Detection limits ranged between 1 and 19 microg/kg. Out of 125 samples of a group consisting of wheat, oats, corn, corn byproducts, corn plants and corn silage only two wheat samples did not contain any of the toxins analysed. Based on 125 samples the incidences were at 2-11% for DAS, NEO, T-2 Triol, FUS-X, alpha- and beta-ZOL, at 20-22% for SCIRP, MAS, T-2 tetraol and 3-ADON, at 44-74% for HT-2, T-2, 15-ADON, NIV and ZEA, and at 94% for DON. Mean levels of positive samples were between 6 and 758 microg/kg. Out of 95 samples of a group consisting of hay, lupines, peas, soya meal, rapeseed meal and other oil-seed meals, 64 samples were toxin negative. DAS, T-2 triol, NEO and FUS-X were not detected in any sample. The incidences of DON and ZEA were at 14 and 23% respectively, those of the other toxins between 1-4%, mean levels of positive samples were between 5 and 95 microg/kg.

T-2 Toxin: Incidence and Toxicity in Poultry

“…However, T-2 toxin is the most common type A mycotoxin (20 % of tested samples), while other toxins of this group are less common: HT-2 toxin (14 %), T-2 tetraol (6 %), neosolaniol (1 %), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) (4 %), monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS) (1 %). Average T-2 toxin mass fraction in grain ranges between 0.03 mg kg -1 and 0.155 mg kg -1 (3,(28)(29)(30). A similar incidence of T-2 toxin in grain (13 % to 30 %) with the average mass fraction from 0.01 mg kg -1 to 0.71 mg kg -1 has been reported by other authors (26,31,32 .…”

AFFECTION OF COARSE FODDERS BY TOXIGENIC Fusarium FUNGI

“…Nevertheless, the researchers in Germany [33] and Canada (2) Grain substrate for fungal culture, first applied in this work, allowed a comparative assessment of the toxicity of representative samples, which is especially important when working with natural populations. Our results showed (see Tables 3 and 4) that the relative sample mean error at 3-fold replications was 34 %, and for T-2 and DAS it was less (28 %) than for ZEN (44 %).…”

DON Occurrence in Grains: A North American Perspective

“…This leads to DON contamination of these crops during crop growth, prior to harvest. DON is found globally in these crops, as well as in rye, oats, and rice (4)(5)(6).…”