Natural Mortality of the Gypsy Moth Along a Gradient of Infestation

Nealis, Vincent G.; Roden, P.M.; Ortíz, Diego

doi:10.4039/ent131507-4

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu and Soper spread across the North American range of the gypsy moth, including Ontario, during 1971-2000. (a) 1981-1991; (b) 1992-1997; (c) 1998-2003 the first half of the 1990s (Nealis et al 1999;Villedieu and van Frankenhuyzen 2004). Natural enemies may dampen the amplitude of outbreaks in favorable areas and therefore reduce the risk of migrants but will have no effect on the likelihood of establishment in new areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…On the one hand, the historical pattern in Ontario and elsewhere suggests that leading-edge populations can reach damaging levels quickly. On the other hand, the apparent rapid movement of significant mortality agents, especially the pathogens Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) and Entomophaga maimaiga, that accompany the invasion of the gypsy moth (Nealis et al 1999;Hastings et al 2002;Villedieu and van Frankenhuyzen 2004;Dwyer et al 2004) could dampen those damaging effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate suitability and management of the gypsy moth invasion into Canada

2008

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate suitability and management of the gypsy moth invasion into Canada

2008

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“…Gypsy moth preferentially oviposits on rock outcrops on south-facing steppe slopes near forest edges . Eggs of gypsy moth were shown to die at steady temperatures below −26°C (Waggoner 1985) and therefore benefit from insulation by snow (Nealis et al 1999;Andresen et al 2001). Freezing rapidly kills the eggs below the −26°C threshold, as all gypsy moth eggs used in a laboratory experiment died within 46 h at −26°C, but already within 20 min at −27.8°C (Waggoner 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate response of tree-ring width in Larix sibirica growing in the drought-stressed forest-steppe ecotone of northern Mongolia

Dulamsuren

Hauck

Leuschner

et al. 2011

Annals of Forest Science

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& Introduction Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) has its southern distribution limit in Mongolia in an area of rapidly rising temperatures. Direct effects of climate on tree-ring formation due to drought stress or indirect effects via the control of insect herbivore populations are little studied.& Methods The hypotheses were tested that stem increment of Siberian larch is reduced by (1) drought during the growing season and (2) high snow cover, as the latter is thought to protect hibernating herbivores, including gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). & Results Tree-ring width increases with decreasing summer temperature, increasing precipitation during the growing season and decreasing winter precipitation. & Conclusions The susceptibility of stem wood formation to drought during the growing season suggests that a future climate warming will decrease productivity of Siberian larch, thus affecting its existence within the forest-steppe ecotone of Mongolia. Narrow tree rings in years following winters with low snowfall support the hypothesis that winter precipitation exerts an indirect effect on the growth of Siberian larch by controlling the survival rates of gypsy moth eggs.

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“…As far as cork oak is concerned, if we take as an example E. chrysorrhoea, whose overwintering larvae would benefit from warmer winter weather conditions, climate change would result in higher populations, making it more dangerous for cork oak in the near future. Similarly, lower winter temperature have a limiting effect on the survival of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands (Brasier and Scott 1994;Bergot et al 2004), one of the most devastating forest pathogens, as well as on L. dispar egg survival at the northern margin of its expanded range (Nealis et al 1999). Due to global warming, the survival of these species during winter is supposed to increase, leading to their range expansion (Bergot et al 2004).…”

Section: Effect Of Climate Change On Cork Oak Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cork oak pests: a review of insect damage and management

Tiberi

Branco

Bracalini

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

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Abstract& Key message Cork oak decline is widespread in all its distribution range and seems to be triggered mainly by both mismanagement and unfavorable climatic factors. As a result, cork oak forests become susceptible to pest attack, which accelerates the onset of decline. Pest management strategies for this valuable and highly biodiverse ecosystem are examined in this review, taking into account the main insect pests and how their impact on cork oak forests is affected by climate change. While monitoring pests may provide the tools to predict the transition from endemic to epidemic insect populations, forestry practices (sanitary felling), biological control, and trapping are some of the most promising measures in protecting cork oak forests. & Context Over the last decades, cork oak (Quercus suber L.) decline has affected millions of trees throughout its distribution range. Cork oak is a typically Mediterranean species remarkably relevant for the biodiversity and landscape conservation of vast evergreen oak forests. Cork oak is also well known and highly valued for cork production. Climatic changes, management practices, and biotic factors, particularly plant pathogens and insect pests, play a decisive role in tree death and market devaluation of cork. & Aims Here, we review the major insect pests possibly involved in cork oak decline, while discussing pest management strategies. & Methods A survey of the current literature was performed to identify major insect pests affecting cork oak trees, as well as to establish the most promising pest management strategies under climate change. & Results Many authors seem to agree that the decline is triggered by both anthropogenic and abiotic factors, such as the mismanagement of cork oak forests and unfavorable climate (high temperatures and droughts). Consequently, trees become susceptible to pests and pathogens, which accelerate the onset of decline. & Conclusion Since a further increase in temperatures and droughts is expected, developing adequate management strategies to adapt cork oak trees to climate change, while simultaneously preventing and reducing insect pest attacks, is of foremost importance in the effort to conserve these unique and highly diverse ecosystems.Keywords Quercus suber . Cork oak decline . Climate change . Forest management Handling Editor: Aurelien SALLE Contribution of the co-authors Riziero Tiberi and Tiziana Panzavolta: conceived the idea, supervised literature reviewing, wrote the manuscript, and reviewed its final version. Manuela Branco: contributed to the writing of the manuscript, the reviewing of literature, and the revision of the final draft. Matteo Bracalini: contributed to the writing of the paper, the selection of literature, and the English revision of the manuscript. Francesco Croci: contributed to the writing of the manuscript and the assembling of related literature. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Natural Mortality of the Gypsy Moth Along a Gradient of Infestation

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Climate suitability and management of the gypsy moth invasion into Canada

Climate suitability and management of the gypsy moth invasion into Canada

Climate response of tree-ring width in Larix sibirica growing in the drought-stressed forest-steppe ecotone of northern Mongolia

Cork oak pests: a review of insect damage and management

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