Natural lignin nanoparticles: a promising nano-crosslinker for constructing fluorescent photoswitchable supramolecular hydrogels

Abstract

Photoswitchable and photoluminescent ternary supramolecular hydrogels were fabricated by host–guest and ionic interactions between polyacrylic acid, azobenzene guanidine and α-cyclodextrin grafted cellulolytic enzyme lignin nanoparticles.

State‐of‐the‐Art: Applications and Industrialization of Lignin Micro/Nano Particles

“…Ma et al demonstrated that cellulolytic enzyme lignin nanoparticles (CE-LMNPs) showed strong blue fluorescence at around 430 nm under UV light. [66] This may be attributed to the fact that aromatic rings in CE-LMNPs became head-to-tail arrangement π-π aggregates. Further research found that formaldehyde could enhance the fluorescence of CE-LMNPs, so it was expected to be exploited as a sensor for formaldehyde detection.…”

“…Ma et al. demonstrated that cellulolytic enzyme lignin nanoparticles (CE‐LMNPs) showed strong blue fluorescence at around 430 nm under UV light [66] . This may be attributed to the fact that aromatic rings in CE‐LMNPs became head‐to‐tail arrangement π‐π aggregates.…”

Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens with Photoresponsive Behaviors for Biomedical Applications

“…Part (C): Reproduced with permission. [41] Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry. Part (G): Reproduced with permission.…”

“…[40] Although efficient emission was obtained for the aggregated state of the P-PHT, this emission was quenched upon UV irradiation owing to generation of cyclized DAE, which accepted energy transferred from the TPE unit. In addition, Gu et al [41] used azobenzene guanidine (Azo-Gu) to form supramolecular hydrogels with AIE-active 𝛼-cyclodextringrafted cellulolytic enzyme lignin nanoparticles (𝛼-CD@CEL-www.advhealthmat.de NPs) (Figure 3C). [41] The interactions between the Azo-Gu and 𝛼-CD@CEL-NPs were tuned using UV and blue light, thus yielding a reversible transformation between the solution and gel states.…”

“…In addition, Gu et al [41] used azobenzene guanidine (Azo-Gu) to form supramolecular hydrogels with AIE-active 𝛼-cyclodextringrafted cellulolytic enzyme lignin nanoparticles (𝛼-CD@CEL-www.advhealthmat.de NPs) (Figure 3C). [41] The interactions between the Azo-Gu and 𝛼-CD@CEL-NPs were tuned using UV and blue light, thus yielding a reversible transformation between the solution and gel states.…”