Natural language watermarking

Topkara, Mercan; Taskiran, Cuneyt M.; Delp, Edward J.

doi:10.1117/12.593790

Cited by 52 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…로 대치하는 기술들이 연구되었다 [3][4][5][6] . 대표적인 예로 [6] Topkara 등 [3,7] 은 기계번역 성능평가 방법인 BLEU [12] 와 NIST [13] 를 참 고 문 헌…”

Section: 기존의 연구에서는 문서 워터마킹을 위해 단어를 동의어unclassified

Text Watermarking Based on Syntactic Constituent Movement

Kim¹

2009

The KIPS Transactions:PartB

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This paper explores a method of text watermarking for agglutinative languages and develops a syntactic tree-based syntactic constituent movement scheme. Agglutinative languages provide a good ground for the syntactic tree-based natural language watermarking because syntactic constituent order is relatively free. Our proposed natural language watermarking method consists of seven procedures. First, we construct a syntactic dependency tree of unmarked text. Next, we perform clausal segmentation from the syntactic tree. Third, we choose target syntactic constituents, which will move within its clause. Fourth, we determine the movement direction of the target constituents. Then, we embed a watermark bit for each target constituent. Sixth, if the watermark bit does not coincide with the direction of the target constituent movement, we displace the target constituent in the syntactic tree. Finally, from the modified syntactic tree, we obtain a marked text. From the experimental results, we show that the coverage of our method is 91.53%, and the rate of unnatural sentences of marked text is 23.16%, which is better than that of previous systems. Experimental results also show that the marked text keeps the same style, and it has the same information without semantic distortion.

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“…로 대치하는 기술들이 연구되었다 [3][4][5][6] . 대표적인 예로 [6] Topkara 등 [3,7] 은 기계번역 성능평가 방법인 BLEU [12] 와 NIST [13] 를 참 고 문 헌…”

Section: 기존의 연구에서는 문서 워터마킹을 위해 단어를 동의어unclassified

Text Watermarking Based on Syntactic Constituent Movement

Kim¹

2009

The KIPS Transactions:PartB

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“…They did not consider the special situation in software watermarking. Similar concepts also appeared in [3,37] for natural language watermarking and in [1,2,32,33,34] for database watermarking.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition in software watermarking

Zhu

Thomborson

2006

Proceedings of the 4th ACM International Workshop on Contents Protection and Security

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The piracy of software has long been a concern for owners and developers of software. In order to prevent software from piracy and unauthorized modification, many techniques to protect software have been developed. Software watermarking is such a technique for protecting software by embedding secret information into the software to identify its copyright owner. As a relatively new scientific area, the key concepts in software watermarking are informal; some are even confusing. There is a need to formalize these fundamental terms to facilitate the research in this field. In this paper, we formally define some concepts for software watermark recognition and use them to develop some software watermarking recognition algorithms for the QP software watermarking algorithm. We also design a prototype model of software watermark embedding and recognition system based on the concepts and algorithms established in this paper.

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“…Natural language watermarking embeds information using linguistic transformations such as synonym substitution, syntactic transformations and semantic transformations (see [18], [17], [2], [19], [1], [8], [10]). It embeds a bitstream as a watermark in a text document, while preserving the meaning, context, and flow of the document.…”

Section: Natural Language Watermarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Authorship Proof for Textual Document

Stinson

2008

Information Hiding

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Abstract. In this paper, we investigate the problem of how to prove the authorship of textual documents. We propose to use natural language watermarks to solve the problem. We identify two essential requirements for an authorship proof scheme (APS) to be secure against watermark erasing attacks. We evaluate the security of existing natural language watermarking schemes, and we propose two new APS with improved security.

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Natural language watermarking

Cited by 52 publications

References 7 publications

Text Watermarking Based on Syntactic Constituent Movement

Text Watermarking Based on Syntactic Constituent Movement

Recognition in software watermarking

Authorship Proof for Textual Document

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