Natural killer cells and natural killer T cells

Seaman, William E.

doi:10.1002/1529-0131(200006)43:6<1204::aid-anr3>3.0.co;2-i

Cited by 119 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…ϩ in humans and rats, but reportedly not in mice 25 ; however, the presence of some other CD3 Ϫ CD8 ϩ cell type in the mouse kidney should not be ruled out.…”

Section: Cd4mentioning

confidence: 94%

ETA Activation Mediates Angiotensin II-Induced Infiltration of Renal Cortical T Cells

Boesen

Krishnan

Pollock

et al. 2011

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…ϩ in humans and rats, but reportedly not in mice 25 ; however, the presence of some other CD3 Ϫ CD8 ϩ cell type in the mouse kidney should not be ruled out.…”

Section: Cd4mentioning

confidence: 94%

ETA Activation Mediates Angiotensin II-Induced Infiltration of Renal Cortical T Cells

Boesen

Krishnan

Pollock

et al. 2011

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…Indeed, a role for NK cells has often been implicated in autoimmunity. 5 NKG2 and CD94 are members of C-type lectin-like NK cell receptors. 6,7 NKG2-A, NKG2-C and NKG2-E form heterodimers with CD94 8,9 and recognize the nonclassical MHC class I molecule, HLA-E, in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of human killer cell lectin-like receptors: common occurrence of NKG2-C deletion in the general population

et al. 2003

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CD94 and NKG2 are members of the NK cell receptor families, and are encoded in the natural killer gene complex (NKC) on human chromosome 12p12-13, one of the candidate chromosomal regions for rheumatic diseases. To examine a possible association between variations in CD94 and NKG2 genes and genetic susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we carried out a systematic polymorphism screening of NKG2-A (KLRC1), NKG2-C (KLRC2) and CD94 (KLRD1) genes on a population basis. In NKG2-A, previously considered to be highly conserved, 10 polymorphisms in the noncoding region and introns, as well as one rare variation leading to an amino acid substitution within the transmembrane region, c.238T4A (Cys80Ser), were detected. In NKG2-C, in addition to the previously described two nonsynonymous substitutions, c.5G4A (Ser2Asn) and c.305C4T (Ser102Phe), two polymorphisms were newly detected in the noncoding region. In CD94, only one single nucleotide substitution was identified in the 5 0 untranslated region. When the patients and healthy individuals were genotyped for these variations, no significant association was observed. However, although statistically not significant, NKG2-A c.238T4A (Cys80Ser) was observed in three patients with RA, but in none of the healthy individuals and the patients with SLE. Unexpectedly, in the process of polymorphism screening, we identified homozygous deletion of NKG2-C in approximately 4.3% of healthy donors; under the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the allele frequency of NKG2-C deletion was estimated to be 20.7%. These results demonstrated that, although human NKG2-A, -C and CD94 are generally conserved with respect to amino acid sequences, NKG2-A is polymorphic in the noncoding region, and that the number of genes encoded in the human NKC is variable among individuals, as previously shown for the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC), HLA and Fcg receptor (FCGR) regions.

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“…They are crucial in innate immunity, as demonstrated by their ability to kill target cells without prior exposure to pathogens (1). The ligands of the NK cell receptors (NKR) are mostly MHC class I molecules.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous but conserved natural killer receptor gene complexes in four major orders of mammals

Klein

Nei

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

116

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The natural killer (NK) receptor gene complex (NKC) encodes a large number of C-type lectin-like receptors, which are expressed on NK and other immune-related cells. These receptors play an important role in regulating NK-cell cytolytic activity, protecting cells against virus infection and tumorigenesis. To understand the evolutionary history of the NKC, we characterized the C-type lectin-like NKC genes and their organization from four major orders of placental mammals, primates (human), rodents (mouse and rat), carnivores (dog), and artiodactyls (cattle) and then conducted phylogenetic analysis of these genes. The results indicate that the NKC of placental mammals is highly heterogeneous in terms of the gene content and rates of birth and death of different gene lineages, but the NKC is also remarkably conserved in its gene organization and persistence of orthologous gene lineages. Among the 28 identified NKC gene lineages, 4, KLRA1, KLRB1, CLEC2D, and CLEC4A͞B͞C, have expanded rapidly in rodents only. The high birth and death rate of these 4 gene families might be due to functional differentiation driven by positive selection. Identification of putative NKC sequences in opossum and chicken genomes implies that the expansion of the NKC gene families might have occurred before the radiation of placental mammals but after the divergence of birds from mammals.contraction-expansion ͉ evolution ͉ genomic organization

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Natural killer cells and natural killer T cells

Cited by 119 publications

References 170 publications

ETA Activation Mediates Angiotensin II-Induced Infiltration of Renal Cortical T Cells

ETA Activation Mediates Angiotensin II-Induced Infiltration of Renal Cortical T Cells

Variations of human killer cell lectin-like receptors: common occurrence of NKG2-C deletion in the general population

Heterogeneous but conserved natural killer receptor gene complexes in four major orders of mammals

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