Natural killer cell activity in a longitudinal dietary fat intervention trial

Hébert, James R.; Barone, Jeanine; Reddy, Mohan M.; Backlund, Jye‐Yu C.

doi:10.1016/0090-1229(90)90010-n

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The increase in mitogenic responses and cytokine production by a low-fat, low-fish diet can be due to a decrease in total fat intake or other fatty acid changes. This is supported by the studies of Hebert et al (45) and Barone et al (46) who showed increase in natural killer cytotoxicity when subjects were instructed to consume low-fat diets. Further studies are needed to elucidate this.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…It is unlikely that the decreased immunologic responses associated with the high-fish diet are because of a decrease in total fat content since decreases in total fat have been shown to enhance the immune response (5,45,46). In our study, consumption of low-fat, low-fish diet (lower in fat content than the baseline diet as well) did not reduce the immunologic responses measured, rather, it was associated with an increase in some parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…In contrast, the low-fat, high-fish diet significantly decreased the percentage of helper T cells whereas the percentage of suppressor T cells increased. Mitogenic responses to Con A and delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response as well as the production of cytokines IL-1ft, TNF, and IL-6 by mononuclear cells were significantly reduced after the consumption of the low-fat, high-fish diet (24, 40,45,35, and 34%, respectively; P < 0.05 by two-tailed Student's t test except for IL-1,6 and TNF, which is by one-tailed t test). Our data are consistent with the concept that the NCEP Step 2 diet that is high in fish significantly decreases various parameters of the immune response in contrast to this diet when it is low in fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunologic effects of national cholesterol education panel step-2 diets with and without fish-derived N-3 fatty acid enrichment.

Meydani¹,

Lichtenstein²,

Cornwall³

et al. 1993

J. Clin. Invest.

339

161

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Reductions in dietary fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol have been recommended to reduce the risk of heart disease in our society. The effects of these modifications on human cytokine production and immune responses have not been well studied. 22 subjects > 40 yr of age were fed a diet approximating that of the current American (14.1% of calories as saturated fatty acids, ISFAJ, 14.5% monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFAJ, 6.1% [n-61 polyunsaturated fatty acids IPUFAJ, 0.8% In-31 PUFA, and 147 mg cholesterol/ 1,000 calories) for 6 wk., after which time they consumed (11 in each group) one of the two low-fat, low-cholesterol, high-PUFA diets based on National Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP) Step 2 recommendations (4.04.5% SFA, 10.8-11.6% MUFA, 10.3-10.5% PUFA, 45-61 mg cholesterol /1,000 calories) for 24 wk. One of the NCEP Step 2 diets was enriched in fish-derived (n-3) PUFA (low-fat, high-fish: 0.54% or 1.23 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid IEPAI and docosahexaenoic acid IDHAI 1121-188 g fish/di) and the other low in fish-derived (n-3) PUFA (low-fat, low-fish 10.13% or 0.27 g/d EPA and DHAJ 133 g fish/di). Measurements of in vivo and in vitro indexes of immune responses were taken after each dietary period. Long-term feeding of low-fat, lowfish diet enriched in plant-derived PUFA increased blood mononuclear cell mitogenic response to the T cell mitogen Con A, IL-1#,, and TNF production and had no effect on delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response, IL-6, GM-CSF, or PGE2 production. In contrast, the low-fat, high-fish diet significantly decreased the percentage of helper T cells whereas the percentage of suppressor T cells increased. Mitogenic responses to Con A and delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response as well as the production of cytokines IL-1ft, TNF, and IL-6 by mononuclear cells were significantly reduced after the consumption of the low-fat, high-fish diet (24, 40,45,35, and 34%, respectively; P < 0.05 by two-tailed Student's t test except for IL-1,6 and TNF, which is by one-tailed t test). Our data are consistent with the concept that the NCEP Step 2 diet that is high in fish significantly decreases various parameters of the immune response in contrast to this diet when it is low in fish. Such alterations may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic and inflammatory diseases but may be detrimental with Address reprint requests to Simin Nikbin Meydani, DVM, PhD, Nutri-

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Immunologic effects of national cholesterol education panel step-2 diets with and without fish-derived N-3 fatty acid enrichment.

Meydani¹,

Lichtenstein²,

Cornwall³

et al. 1993

J. Clin. Invest.

339

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These studies suggest a limited effect of linoleic acid (at a level ≥3.5% of dietary energy) on human immune function. However, in another study, the low-fat diet-induced increase in human NK cell activity (25) was reversed by adding 15 g safflower oil/d to the diet for 2 mo (26). Furthermore, the NK cell activity of blood lymphocytes from elderly Danish subjects correlated negatively with linoleic acid intake and with serum levels of linoleic acid (27).…”

Section: Linoleic Acid (18:2n-6) and Immune Functionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and immunity

Calder

2001

Lipids

715

367

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The fatty acid composition of inflammatory and immune cells is sensitive to change according to the fatty acid composition of the diet. In particular, the proportion of different types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in these cells is readily changed, and this provides a link between dietary PUFA intake, inflammation, and immunity. The n−6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA) is the precursor of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and related compounds, which have important roles in inflammation and in the regulation of immunity. Fish oil contains the n−3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Feeding fish oil results in partial replacement of AA in cell membranes by EPA. This leads to decreased production of AA‐derived mediators. In addition, EPA is a substrate for cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase and gives rise to mediators that often have different biological actions or potencies than those formed from AA. Animal studies have shown that dietary fish oil results in altered lymphocyte function and in suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages. Supplementation of the diet of healthy human volunteers with fish oil‐derived n−3 PUFA results in decreased monocyte and neutrophil chemotaxis and decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines. Fish oil feeding has been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of some animal models of autoimmune disease. Clinical studies have reported that fish oil supplementation has beneficial effects in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and among some asthmatics, supporting the idea that the n−3 PUFA in fish oil are antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory.

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“…A reduction in fat intake (to < 30% or 22% of total energy) is associated with a significant increase in the NK cell activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; a mixture of lymphocytes including NK cells and monocytes) (4,5), suggesting that high fat consumption suppresses NK cell activity. This is supported by some studies in laboratory rodents (6) but not by others (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%