Natural killer cell activity and lymphocyte activation: Investigating the effects of a selection of essential oils and components in vitro

Standen, M D; Connellan, Paul; Leach, D. L.

doi:10.1016/j.ijat.2006.09.006

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These substances show several important biological activities, including antiinflammatory, analgesic, and others (Fernandes et al 2007, Sabulal et al 2006, and they are used to manufacture soaps, detergents and food products (Standen et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glandular trichome density and essential oil composition in leaves and inflorescences of Lippia origanoides Kunth (Verbenaceae) in the Brazilian Cerrado

Tozin

Marques

Rodrigues

2015

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The essential oils from leaves and inflorescences of Lippia origanoides Kunth present aromatic and medicinal potential and have been used to treat several diseases, including melanoma. In Brazil, L. origanoides is commonly found in campo cerrado and cerrado stricto sensu, physiognomies featured mainly by the differential light conditions to which short and medium-sized plants are subjected. Our aim was to investigate the glandular trichome density and the yield and chemical composition of the essential oils in leaves and inflorescences of L. origanoides from campo cerrado and cerrado stricto sensu. For glandular density analysis, leaves and inflorescences were processed according to conventional techniques for scanning electron microscopy. The essential oils of leaves and inflorescences were obtained by hydrodistillation and identified with gas chromatography. Bracts and sepals showed the highest glandular density, followed by petals and leaves. The glandular density in the abaxial leaf surface was higher in individuals from the campo cerrado. In both populations the essential oil yield was higher in inflorescences than in leaves. The chemical composition of the essential oils varied among individuals from different areas and inside a same population. Our results demonstrated the chemical plasticity of L. origanoides suggesting the importance of monitoring its popular use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glandular trichome density and essential oil composition in leaves and inflorescences of Lippia origanoides Kunth (Verbenaceae) in the Brazilian Cerrado

Tozin

Marques

Rodrigues

2015

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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“…The methodology reported by Standen et al was used with little modification [22]. In brief, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were prepared from fresh whole lithium heparinized blood using Ficoll (Amersham Biosciences).…”

Section: Nkca Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and in vitro immunomodulatory screening of fructo-oligosaccharides of Asparagus racemosus Willd.

Thakur

Connellan²,

Deseo³

et al. 2012

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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“…Traditionally, geranium essential oil has been used in both physiological and psychological complications, including anxiety, insomnia, high blood pressure, worry, anger, frustration, restlessness, nervousness, weight loss, hypercholesterolemia, gastrointestinal disorders, and respiratory tract infection [ 18 , 19 ]. Geranium oil represents a potent immune modulator, and stimulates and cleans lymphatic system [ 20 ]. The oil is clinically used for treating diarrhea, jaundice, diabetes, hepatitis, ulcerative colitis, cholecystitis, and renal stone [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geranium and Lemon Essential Oils and Their Active Compounds Downregulate Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), a SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain, in Epithelial Cells

Kumar

Vani

Wang

et al. 2020

Plants

114

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), is a pandemic disease that has been declared as modern history’s gravest health emergency worldwide. Until now, no precise treatment modality has been developed. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, a host cell receptor, has been found to play a crucial role in virus cell entry; therefore, ACE2 blockers can be a potential target for anti-viral intervention. In this study, we evaluated the ACE2 inhibitory effects of 10 essential oils. Among them, geranium and lemon oils displayed significant ACE2 inhibitory effects in epithelial cells. In addition, immunoblotting and qPCR analysis also confirmed that geranium and lemon oils possess potent ACE2 inhibitory effects. Furthermore, the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis displayed 22 compounds in geranium oil and 9 compounds in lemon oil. Citronellol, geraniol, and neryl acetate were the major compounds of geranium oil and limonene that represented major compound of lemon oil. Next, we found that treatment with citronellol and limonene significantly downregulated ACE2 expression in epithelial cells. The results suggest that geranium and lemon essential oils and their derivative compounds are valuable natural anti-viral agents that may contribute to the prevention of the invasion of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 into the human body.

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Natural killer cell activity and lymphocyte activation: Investigating the effects of a selection of essential oils and components in vitro

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Glandular trichome density and essential oil composition in leaves and inflorescences of Lippia origanoides Kunth (Verbenaceae) in the Brazilian Cerrado

Glandular trichome density and essential oil composition in leaves and inflorescences of Lippia origanoides Kunth (Verbenaceae) in the Brazilian Cerrado

Characterization and in vitro immunomodulatory screening of fructo-oligosaccharides of Asparagus racemosus Willd.

Geranium and Lemon Essential Oils and Their Active Compounds Downregulate Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), a SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain, in Epithelial Cells

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