Natural inhibitors of PI3K/AKT signaling in breast cancer: Emphasis on newly-discovered molecular mechanisms of action

CD166 positively regulates MCAM via inhibition to ubiquitin E3 ligases Smurf1 and βTrCP through PI3K/AKT and c-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in Bel-7402 hepatocellular carcinoma cells

“…The most important signaling node linking upstream CD166 and downstream YAP is PI3K/ AKT [2]. PI3K/AKT is one of the most common signaling pathways activated in human cancer, causes cancer cells to be resistant to apoptosis [28]. Interestingly, PI3K/AKT is not only a positive regulator but also an effecter of MCAM in human melanoma [29].…”

Evaluation of Anti-tumor and Chemoresistance-lowering Effects of Pectolinarigenin from <i>Cirsium japonicum</i> Fisch ex DC in Breast Cancer

“…Tumorspere cultures were made in ultralow attachment six-well plate (Corning, Lowell, MA, USA) in suspension (500 cells/mL) in serum-free DMEM/F12 media, supplemented with B27 (1:50, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), 20 ng/mL human recombinant epidermal growth factor (Sigma-Aldrich), 20 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor (Sigma-Aldrich), 4 μg/mL heparin (SigmaAldrich), 5 μg/mL insulin (Sigma-Aldrich) and 1 % of penicillin-streptomycin in a humidified incubator at 37 o C in 5 % CO 2 [12,13]. Tumorsphere formation was tested by culturing MCF-7 cells in the presence or absence of pectolinarigenin under the conditions mentioned above.…”

Isoliquiritigenin Suppresses Osteosarcoma U2OS Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Regulating the PI3K/Akt Signalling Pathway

“…Thus, it has been considered an appealing target for the development of novel antitumor agents [29]. Recent research has demonstrated that ISL suppressed the growth of various cancer cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway, e.g., in breast cancer cell lines [30], human arterial smooth muscle cells [31] and HCC827, H1650, and H1975 cells [27]. Our data showed that ISL treatment downregulated the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR in U2OS cells.…”