Natural Ingredients from Medicine Food Homology as Chemopreventive Reagents against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Modulating Gut Microbiota Homoeostasis

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a noteworthy worldwide public health problem. It represents a complex metabolic disorder, mainly characterized as hyperglycemia and lipid dysfunction. The gut microbiota dysbiosis has been proposed to play a role in the development of diabetes. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the use of medicine food homology (MFH) and functional food herbs (FF) to ameliorate diabetes and lead to a natural and healthy life. Hence, this review compiles some reports and findings to demonstrate that the practical use of the MFH/FF can modulate the homoeostasis of gut microbiota, thereby ameliorating the development of T2DM. The results provided useful data to support further investigation of the functional basis and application of MFH/FF to treat T2DM through maintaining intestinal homeostasis.

Gut microbiota intervention strategies using active components from medicinal herbs to evaluate clinical efficacy of type 2 diabetes – A review

“…187 There are, however, scant data on the detailed action on how terpenoids influence T2DM patients primarily by affecting intestinal flora. 188 There is a possibility that terpenoids can treat T2DM by regulating the gut flora; however, there is a lack of research into this at the present time.…”

“…However, the exact strategy could be accomplished by safeguarding islet cells and strengthening glucose homeostasis and liver glycogen biosynthesis 187 . There are, however, scant data on the detailed action on how terpenoids influence T2DM patients primarily by affecting intestinal flora 188 . There is a possibility that terpenoids can treat T2DM by regulating the gut flora; however, there is a lack of research into this at the present time.…”

Lycopene: A Potent Antioxidant for the Amelioration of Type II Diabetes Mellitus

“…In T2DM patients, hyperglycemia state favors free radical production through several pathways: activation of the polyol pathway, formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and its receptors (RAGE), activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, and increased glucose influx through the hexosamine pathway. Overproduction of reactive species decreases antioxidant defense system and thus leads to the damage of redox equilibrium, subsequently increasing the risk of developing T2DM complications including heart disease, stroke, end-stage renal failure, blindness, and amputation [ 8 ].…”

Physicochemical Characteristics and Antidiabetic Properties of the Polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla

“…Recently, with the deepening of the research on the mechanism of T2DM treatment with traditional Chinese medicine, attention to the role of intestinal immune balance in the development and maintenance of T2DM is proliferating. In T2DM, chronic intestinal inflammation can promote the occurrence and maintenance of insulin resistance [2][3][4]. The intestinal immune system modulates glucose homeostasis and obesity-associated insulin resistance.…”