“…Individual saliva samples from primiparous and multiparous cows were collected thrice: À2 (À16.7 AE 4.5 and À17.8 AE 2.0 days postpartum, respectively), 0 (3.9 AE 1.8 and 4.3 AE 1.7 h after calving, respectively), and 2 (13.5 AE 0.7 and 13.8 AE 0.4 days postpartum, respectively) weeks postpartum. For saliva sampling, a collection polymer swab (Saliva Bio Children's Swab; Salimetrics, Carlsbad, CA, USA) was inserted through the mouth and allowed to be chewed several times to absorb saliva into the swab (Dziuba et al, 2021). Then, the swab was stored in ice-cooled coolers for transport to the laboratory, where they were centrifuged at 1500Âg for 15 min and frozen at À30 C until IgA, IgG, and albumin analyses were conducted (Dziuba et al, 2021).…”