Natural infection of D. melanogaster by virulent parasitic wasps induces apoptotic depletion of hematopoietic precursors

Chiu, Hsiling; Govind, Shubha

doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401134

Cited by 40 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Very few or no apoptotic cells are detected in wild-type larval lymph glands (Chiu and Govind, 2002;Jung et al, 2005). We found a statistically insignificant increase in the number of apoptotic cells in Zfrp8 mutants (see Fig.…”

Section: Zfrp8 As a Developmental Regulator Of Hematopoiesismentioning

confidence: 58%

Zfrp8, theDrosophilaortholog ofPDCD2,functions in lymph gland development and controls cell proliferation

2007

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We have identified a new gene, Zfrp8, as being essential for hematopoiesis in Drosophila. Zfrp8 (Zinc finger protein RP-8) is the Drosophila ortholog of the PDCD2 (programmed cell death 2) protein of unknown function, and is highly conserved in all eukaryotes. Zfrp8 mutants present a developmental delay, lethality during larval and pupal stages and hyperplasia of the hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland. This overgrowth results from an increase in proliferation of undifferentiated hemocytes throughout development and is accompanied by abnormal differentiation of hemocytes. Furthermore, the subcellular distribution of ␥-Tubulin and Cyclin B is affected. Consistent with this, the phenotype of the lymph gland of Zfpr8 heterozygous mutants is dominantly enhanced by the l(1)dd4 gene encoding Dgrip91, which is involved in anchoring ␥-Tubulin to the centrosome. The overgrowth phenotype is also enhanced by a mutation in Cdc27, which encodes a component of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) that regulates the degradation of cyclins. No evidence for an apoptotic function of Zfrp8 was found. Based on the phenotype, genetic interactions and subcellular localization of Zfrp8, we propose that the protein is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation from embryonic stages onward, through the function of the centrosome, and regulates the level and localization of cell-cycle components. The overproliferation of cells in the lymph gland results in abnormal hemocyte differentiation.

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Section: Zfrp8 As a Developmental Regulator Of Hematopoiesismentioning

confidence: 58%

Zfrp8, theDrosophilaortholog ofPDCD2,functions in lymph gland development and controls cell proliferation

2007

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“…Thus, during normal development, a signal triggered by the ecdyson peak that promotes metamorphosis could induce both the proliferative/differentiative events that happen rapidly in the few hours between pupation and lymph gland dissociation, as well as an increased motility of hemocytes. A similar signal could act as part of the immune response that is able to trigger premature lymph gland dissociation in larvae infected with various parasites (Lanot et al, 2001; Sorrentino et al, 2002; Chiu and Govind, 2002). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematopoiesis at the onset of metamorphosis: terminal differentiation and dissociation of the Drosophila lymph gland

2011

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The D. melanogaster hematopoietic organ, called lymph gland, proliferates and differentiates throughout the larval period. The lymph gland of the late larva is comprised of a large primary lobe and several smaller secondary lobes. Differentiation into two types of hemocytes, plasmatocytes and crystal cells, is confined to the outer layer (cortical zone) of the primary lobe; the center of the primary lobe (medullary zone), as well as the secondary lobes, contain only proliferating prohemocytes. A small cluster of prohemocytes located at the posterior tip of the primary lobe serves as a signaling center (PSC) that inhibits precocious differentiation of the medullary zone. The larval lymph gland is stabilized by layers of extracellular matrix (basement membranes) that surround individual hemocytes, groups of hemocytes, as well as the lymph gland as a whole. In this paper we investigated the events shaping the lymph gland in the early pupa. The lymph gland dissociates and hemocytes disperse during the first 12h after puparium formation (APF), leaving behind empty husks of basement membrane. Prior to lymph gland dissociation, cells of the medullary zone differentiate, expressing the early differentiation marker Peroxidasin, as well as, in part, the late differentiation marker P1. Cells of the PSC spread out throughout the pupal lymph gland prior to their dispersal. Cells of the secondary lobes undergo a rapid phase of proliferation that lasts until 8h APF, followed by expression of Peroxidasin, and dispersal. These hemocytes do not express P1, indicating that they disperse prior to full maturation.

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“…In each case, lamellocyte lysis is attributed to the presence of a protein of about 40 kDa [p40 in L. heterotoma and p47.5 in L. victoriae (Chiu et al, 2006)]. The activities of venom gland factors, including VLPs (Chiu and Govind, 2002), provide one possible explanation for the broad host range observed for L. heterotoma (Schlenke et al, 2007). In addition to VLPs, a filamentous virus has been identified in the ovipository apparatus of specific strains of L. boulardi females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A supracellular system of actin-lined canals controls biogenesis and release of virulence factors in parasitoid venom glands

Ferrarese

Morales

Fimiarz

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYParasitoid wasps produce virulence factors that bear significant resemblance to viruses and have the ability to block host defense responses. The function of these virulence factors, produced predominantly in wasp venom glands, and the ways in which they interfere with host development and physiology remain mysterious. Here, we report the discovery of a specialized system of canals in venom glands of five parasitoid wasps that differ in their infection strategies. This supracellular canal system is made up of individual secretory units, one per secretory cell. Individual units merge into the canal lumen. The membrane surface of the proximal end of each canal within the secretory cell assumes brush border morphology, lined with bundles of Factin. Systemic administration of cytochalasin D compromises the integrity of the secretory unit. We show a dynamic and continuous association of p40, a protein of virus-like particles from a Drosophila parasitoid, L. heterotoma, with the canal and venom gland lumen. Similar structures in three Leptopilina species and Ganaspis xanthopoda, parasitoids of Drosophila spp., and Campoletis sonorenesis, a parasitoid of Heliothis virescens, suggest that this novel supracellular canal system is likely to be a common trait of parasitoid venom glands that is essential for efficient biogenesis and delivery of virulence factors.

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Natural infection of D. melanogaster by virulent parasitic wasps induces apoptotic depletion of hematopoietic precursors

Cited by 40 publications

References 12 publications

Zfrp8, theDrosophilaortholog ofPDCD2,functions in lymph gland development and controls cell proliferation

Zfrp8, theDrosophilaortholog ofPDCD2,functions in lymph gland development and controls cell proliferation

Hematopoiesis at the onset of metamorphosis: terminal differentiation and dissociation of the Drosophila lymph gland

A supracellular system of actin-lined canals controls biogenesis and release of virulence factors in parasitoid venom glands

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