Natural History of Polyomaviruses in Men: The HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study

Abstract

MCPyV infection is highly prevalent in adults, with age and race being predisposing factors.

Impact of HPyV9 and TSPyV coinfection on the development of BK polyomavirus viremia and associated nephropathy after kidney transplantation

“…Indeed, Pedergnana et al found indication for TSPyV transmission from parents to children, and between siblings. Currently the mechanism for transmission of HPyV9 remains unidentified; however, Karachaliou et al identified younger age at day‐care entry as risk factor . Alternatively, household/family members might share genetic risk factors and glycan receptors relevant for these viruses, for example, the acquisition of the HPyV9 glycan receptor ligand, which Khan et al speculated to be acquired through the consumption of red meat and milk.…”

Early and late promoters of BK polyomavirus, Merkel cell polyomavirus, Trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus and human polyomavirus 12 are among the strongest of all known human polyomaviruses in 10 different cell lines

“…HPyV9 was identified in a serum sample from a kidney transplant patient and in the skin of a patient with Merkel cell carcinoma (Sauvage et al, 2011;Scuda et al, 2011). The presence of HPyV9 DNA was confirmed in 21 serum specimens of 101 kidney transplant patients, in PBMCs of an AIDS patient and in skin from a healthy person (Hampras et al, 2015;Lednicky et al, 2014;van der Meijden et al, 2014). HPyV10 isolate MW was originally isolated from faeces (Siebrasse et al, 2012a), while isolate 10ww was first described in skin from a patient with warts, hypogammaglobulinaemia, infections and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome .…”

“…MCPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, HPyV9, HPyV10 and STLPyV, but not the other HPyVs have been found in skin (Bellaud et al, 2014;Fischer et al, 2012;Giraud et al, 2008;Hampras et al, 2015;Ho et al, 2015;Imajoh et al, 2013;Pastrana et al, 2013a;Ramqvist et al, 2014;Sauvage et al, 2011;Schowalter et al, 2010;Schrama et al, 2014;Urbano et al, 2014;van der Meijden et al, 2010;Wanat et al, 2012;Wieland et al, 2014). BKPyV, which is not common in the skin , had in general higher early and late promoter activity than most of these viruses in skin-derived A375, A431 and HaCaT cells.…”

“…KIPyV DNA or VP1 protein was found in lung cancer tissue and in alveolar macrophages and spleen (Babakir-Mina et al, 2009;Siebrasse et al, 2014). MCPyV seems to be a common skin commensal (Bellaud et al, 2014;Hampras et al, 2015;Mertz et al, 2013;Schowalter et al, 2010), but DNA is also found in blood, eyebrow hairs, tonsils, gall bladder, intestine, appendix, liver, lung, lymphoid tissue, saliva and oral samples, and urine (reviewed by Baez et al, 2013;Hampras et al, 2015;Signorini et al, 2014). HPyV6 and HPyV7 are common in skin and eyebrow hairs (Bellaud et al, 2014;Hampras et al, 2015;Schowalter et al, 2010;Wieland et al, 2014), but have in very few cases been isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs, faeces or urine (Siebrasse et al, 2012b).…”

“…MCPyV seems to be a common skin commensal (Bellaud et al, 2014;Hampras et al, 2015;Mertz et al, 2013;Schowalter et al, 2010), but DNA is also found in blood, eyebrow hairs, tonsils, gall bladder, intestine, appendix, liver, lung, lymphoid tissue, saliva and oral samples, and urine (reviewed by Baez et al, 2013;Hampras et al, 2015;Signorini et al, 2014). HPyV6 and HPyV7 are common in skin and eyebrow hairs (Bellaud et al, 2014;Hampras et al, 2015;Schowalter et al, 2010;Wieland et al, 2014), but have in very few cases been isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs, faeces or urine (Siebrasse et al, 2012b). TSPyV resides in the skin (van der Meijden et al, 2010), but viral nucleotide sequences have also been detected in tonsillar biopsies of healthy individuals, in heart, lung, liver, spleen, bronchus, small intestine, colon tissue from a patient with myocarditis, and in renal allograft of a kidney transplant patient (Fischer et al, 2012;Sadeghi et al, 2014;Tsuzuki et al, 2014).…”