Natural History of Mitral Stenosis: A Review

Selzer, Arthur; Cohn, Keith

doi:10.1161/01.cir.45.4.878

Cited by 250 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Symptoms usually do not appear for several years. 485 The main proximate cause for embolic stroke in mitral stenosis of any cause is AF, 486,487 although embolism sometimes can occur before AF develops. Other factors associated with increased stroke risk in mitral stenosis include older age, left atrial enlargement, reduced cardiac output, and prior embolic event.…”

Section: Mitral Stenosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

Kernan¹,

Ovbiagele²,

Black³

et al. 2014

Stroke

3,946

1,326

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The aim of this updated guideline is to provide comprehensive and timely evidence-based recommendations on the prevention of future stroke among survivors of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. The guideline is addressed to all clinicians who manage secondary prevention for these patients. Evidence-based recommendations are provided for control of risk factors, intervention for vascular obstruction, antithrombotic therapy for cardioembolism, and antiplatelet therapy for noncardioembolic stroke. Recommendations are also provided for the prevention of recurrent stroke in a variety of specific circumstances, including aortic arch atherosclerosis, arterial dissection, patent foramen ovale, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypercoagulable states, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, sickle cell disease, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and pregnancy. Special sections address use of antithrombotic and anticoagulation therapy after an intracranial hemorrhage and implementation of guidelines.

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Section: Mitral Stenosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

Kernan¹,

Ovbiagele²,

Black³

et al. 2014

Stroke

3,946

1,326

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[367][368][369] Mitral stenosis is a continuous, progressive, lifelong disease, usually consisting of a slow, stable course in the early years followed by a progressive acceleration later in life. [367][368][369]380 In developed countries, there is a long latent period of 20 to 40 years from the occurrence of rheumatic fever to the onset of symptoms. Once symptoms develop, there is another period of almost a decade before symptoms become disabling.…”

Section: Pathophysiology and Natural Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…368,369 In the asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patient, survival is greater than 80% at 10 years, with 60% of patients having no progression of symptoms. 368,369,380 However, once significant limiting symptoms occur, there is a dismal 0% to 15% 10-year survival rate. [367][368][369]380,381 Once there is severe pulmonary hypertension, mean survival drops to less than 3 years.…”

Section: Pathophysiology and Natural Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

2008 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease

Bonow¹,

Carabello²,

Chatterjee³

et al. 2008

Circulation

910

259

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“…This is in concordance with the studies reporting prevalence of this history in patients with established RHD. 15,16 Incidence of arthritis in our population was 41%, though in the literature it is 75%. It is reported that arthralgia predominates in the Indian population rather than arthritis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Once weekly azithromycin in secondary prevention of rheumatic fever

Gopal

Harikrishnan

Sivasubramonian

et al. 2012

Indian Heart Journal

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A B S T R A C TRheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are still important problems in developing countries. Secondary prophylaxis which is the most cost-effective method in preventing recurrences of rheumatic fever is fraught with problems of drug compliance. The utility of 500 mg once weekly azithromycin (AZT), an orally effective long-acting antibiotic was evaluated against oral penicillin (phenoxy methyl penicillin 250 mg twice daily) in this study. Forty-eight consecutive patients (44% males, mean age 29.4 years) with established RHD were randomised into two groups-26 patients received AZT and 22 received oral penicillin. Patients were evaluated at randomisation, at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, clinically, serologically and by throat swab culture. End points were absence of streptococcal colonisation, infection or fever at the end of 6 months. During the study, 4 patients (15.4%) in the AZT group developed sore throat and fever, had positive throat culture and positive serology indicating streptococcal infection. None satisfied the criteria for rheumatic fever reactivation. None in the oral penicillin group developed streptococcal infection. In conclusion, weekly 500 mg of AZT is not effective in the prevention of streptococcal throat infection compared to oral penicillin therapy in adult patients with established RHD.

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Natural History of Mitral Stenosis: A Review

Cited by 250 publications

References 40 publications

Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

2008 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease

Once weekly azithromycin in secondary prevention of rheumatic fever

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