Natural history of hepatitis B virus infection: pediatric perspective

Ni, Yen‐Hsuan

doi:10.1007/s00535-010-0304-7

Cited by 55 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 78 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…On the basis of information derived from selected research and review articles [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] current views on the natural course of HBV infection and its phases can be summarized as following:…”

Section: Phases In the Natural History Of Chronic Hbv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural history of chronic hepatitis B in Euro-Mediterranean and African Countries

Hadziyannis

2011

Journal of Hepatology

144

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Data derived from population, case-control, and cohort studies conducted in several Euro-Mediterranean and African countries disclose impressive similarities in the age and modes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and in the prevalence, duration, and outcome of the four phases of the natural history of chronic infection. Perinatal HBV infection is rare while the vast majority of chronic infections originate from horizontal HBV transmission to infants and children. HBeAg loss and seroconversion to anti-HBe occur in a few years time, usually during the second decade of life. HBeAg-negative/anti-HBe-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB), predominates in these countries being 7-9 times more frequent than HBeAg-positive CHB. The predominance of HBeAg-negative CHB is largely linked to the molecular characteristics of HBV genotype D prevailing in European and African countries of the Mediterranean basin and of genotype E and subgenotype A1 that prevail in the other parts of Africa. The molecular characteristics of the African subgenotype A1 differ from those of European subgenotype A2 explaining the fact that patients infected subgenotype A1 demonstrate an earlier loss of HBeAg and seroconversion to anti-HBe during the natural course of HBV infection compared to those infected with subgenotype A2. It is proposed that the molecular characteristics of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes prevailing in Euro-Mediterranean and African countries acting in concert with host and environmental factors largely determine the natural history of chronic HBV infection and its significant differences from countries of HBV genotype C and B and of subgenotype Ae predominance. The knowledge of the natural history of chronic HBV infection in Euro-Mediterranean and African countries combined with wide screening programs for prompt recognition and treatment of chronic HBV infection both in its HBeAg-positive and -negative immune reactive phases can be expected to increase the efficacy of current and future therapeutic strategies.

show abstract

Section: Phases In the Natural History Of Chronic Hbv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural history of chronic hepatitis B in Euro-Mediterranean and African Countries

Hadziyannis

2011

Journal of Hepatology

144

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This low sCD14 concentration coincides with a high risk of developing chronic hepatitis B (CHB) upon HBV infection in newborns (39). The immunological mechanisms underlying the high risk for neonates to develop CHB upon perinatal HBV infection are poorly understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Activates Myeloid Dendritic Cells via a Soluble CD14-Dependent Mechanism

Montfoort

Bosch

et al. 2016

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can cause chronic liver disease, which is associated with increased risk of liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. Clearance of HBV infection requires effective HBV-specific immunity; however, the immunological mechanisms that determine the development of effective HBV-specific immunity are poorly understood. Dendritic cells (DC) play a pivotal role in the regulation of antiviral immunity. Here, we investigated the interaction between HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), the main envelope glycoprotein of HBV, and BDCA1؉ myeloid dendritic cells (mDC). Exposure of peripheral bloodderived BDCA1؉ mDC to HBsAg resulted in strong DC maturation, cytokine production, and enhanced capacity to activate antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). By using neutralizing antibodies, crucial roles for CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in HBsAg-mediated BDCA1 ؉ mDC maturation were identified. Concordantly, HBsAg-mediated DC maturation required fetal calf serum (FCS) or human plasma, naturally containing soluble CD14 (sCD14). Intriguingly, HBsAg-induced DC maturation was significantly reduced in umbilical cord blood plasma, which contained less sCD14 than adult plasma, indicating that sCD14 is an important host factor for recognition of HBsAg by DC and subsequent DC activation. A direct interaction between sCD14 and HBsAg was demonstrated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, sCD14-HBsAg complexes were detected both in vitro and in sera of HBV-infected patients. The abundance of sCD14-HBsAg complexes varied between chronic HBV disease stages and correlated with activation of BDCA1 ؉ mDC in vivo. We conclude that HBsAg activates BDCA1 ؉ DC via an sCD14-dependent mechanism. These findings provide important novel insights into the initiation of HBV-specific immunity and facilitate development of effective immunotherapeutic interventions for HBV. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus that is transmitted via blood and specifically infects hepatocytes. It can cause chronic liver disease and progressive liver injury leading to increased risk of liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer (1). The current estimated prevalence of HBV infection is 248 million individuals globally (2). Although the initiation of an effective antiviral immune response is paramount for resolving HBV infection (3), the early steps in the recognition of the virus by immune cells and the functional consequences of this interaction remain to be resolved.A pivotal role for dendritic cells (DC) is anticipated, because these cells play a central role in the orchestration of antiviral immunity due to the expression of a wide variety of different pathogen recognition receptors (PRR) and their unique capacity to initiate virus-specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses (4, 5). Among the different DC subsets, BDCA1 ϩ myeloid DC (mDC) are of particular interest for HBV-specific immunity, since hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mDC were detected in liver (6) an...

show abstract

“…Young children acquire HBV infection through close contact with their parents or other family members as part of everyday family life. HBV infections are acquired in infancy and early childhood (6,7). People who acquire HBV infection in early life have higher levels of viral replication and severer disease than those who acquire it in later life (8,9).…”

Section: Preventive Strategies For Infants and Young Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to prevent hepatitis B virus infection in China: Immunization, screening, and standard medical practices

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural history of hepatitis B virus infection: pediatric perspective

Cited by 55 publications

References 78 publications

Natural history of chronic hepatitis B in Euro-Mediterranean and African Countries

Natural history of chronic hepatitis B in Euro-Mediterranean and African Countries

Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Activates Myeloid Dendritic Cells via a Soluble CD14-Dependent Mechanism

Strategies to prevent hepatitis B virus infection in China: Immunization, screening, and standard medical practices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About