Natural history of Ehrlichia ruminantium

Allsopp, B. A.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.09.014

Cited by 120 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…8 The only other Ehrlichia species known to naturally infect cattle is E. ruminantium (formerly Cowdria ruminantium). 1 The present study provides evidence of serological crossreactivity between Ehrlichia sp. BOV2010 and A. marginale using the commercially available cELISA test kit for Anaplasma and an IFAT using A. marginale antigen-coated slides.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…BOV2010 and A. marginale as suggested by the IFAT results, due to the presence of homologous families of immunodominant outer membrane proteins that are expressed in several Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species. 1 Cattle in regions where A. marginale is endemic could be exposed to infections with other rickettsial pathogens that may induce antibodies cross-reactive with A. marginale proteins, leading to false-positive serological test results. This has been demonstrated for the MAP1 diagnostic antigen of E. ruminantium whereby serological cross-reactions between E. ruminantium and Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, A. bovis, and A. phagocytophilum have been reported using IFAT and indirect ELISA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ehrlichia ruminantium is distributed in sub-Saharan Africa and several islands in the Caribbean. 1 Anaplasma marginale causes bovine anaplasmosis in cattle. Although A. marginale is globally distributed, it is absent in Canada except for very few controlled incursions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Several serological tests have been developed to detect infections of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia, including the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), indirect ELISA, card agglutination test, and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). 1,31 These tests may be hindered by lack of specificity within or between the several species of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia, which bear homologous families of immunodominant outer membrane proteins. 1 Currently, the cELISA is the primary test used for diagnosing infection with A. marginale in cattle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,31 These tests may be hindered by lack of specificity within or between the several species of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia, which bear homologous families of immunodominant outer membrane proteins. 1 Currently, the cELISA is the primary test used for diagnosing infection with A. marginale in cattle. The IFAT also can be used as a diagnostic test for anaplasmosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological cross-reactivity between Anaplasma marginale and an Ehrlichia species in naturally and experimentally infected cattle

et al. 2011

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Seroconversion and cross-reactivity in cattle infected with Anaplasma marginale or a recently described Ehrlichia species (BOV2010 from British Columbia, Canada) were investigated. The study used 76 samples from 20 animals, a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for bovine anaplasmosis, and an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Blood smear examination and/or polymerase chain reaction assay were performed to confirm or rule out the presence of Anaplasma or Ehrlichia. Samples comprised 3 groups. Group 1 consisted of 24 samples from 9 cattle naturally infected with Ehrlichia sp. BOV2010. Group 2 had 13 samples from 3 A. marginale–infected cattle from Manitoba, Canada. Group 3 had 39 samples, consisting of 26 from 5 calves experimentally infected with Ehrlichia sp. BOV2010, 10 from 2 calves experimentally infected with A. marginale from cattle (Manitoba) or bison (Saskatchewan), and 3 from an uninfected calf. All samples from cattle naturally or experimentally infected with Ehrlichia sp. BOV2010 or A. marginale were seropositive for A. marginale by both cELISA and IFAT, except 3 calves euthanized at 28 and 33 days post-inoculation (DPI) that did not seroconvert. Antibodies were detected in 2 experimental animals inoculated with Ehrlichia sp. BOV2010, as early as 28 and 33 DPI by the cELISA and IFAT, respectively, and by 42 DPI for both tests. The current study demonstrates that the specificity of the recombinant major surface protein 5 (MSP5) antigen is not restricted to Anaplasma spp., which reduces the utility of the test for serological diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis in regions where Ehrlichia sp. BOV2010–infected cattle might exist.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological cross-reactivity between Anaplasma marginale and an Ehrlichia species in naturally and experimentally infected cattle

et al. 2011

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Rickettsiales

McBride¹,

Ganta²,

Walker³

2022

Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals

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Blocking Transmission of Vector‐borne Diseases

Schorderet‐Weber¹,

Noack²,

Selzer³

et al. 2018

Ectoparasites

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a b s t r a c tVector-borne diseases are responsible for significant health problems in humans, as well as in companion and farm animals. Killing the vectors with ectoparasitic drugs before they have the opportunity to pass on their pathogens could be the ideal way to prevent vector borne diseases. Blocking of transmission might work when transmission is delayed during blood meal, as often happens in ticks. The recently described systemic isoxazolines have been shown to successfully prevent disease transmission under conditions of delayed pathogen transfer. However, if the pathogen is transmitted immediately at bite as it is the case with most insects, blocking transmission becomes only possible if ectoparasiticides prevent the vector from landing on or, at least, from biting the host. Chemical entities exhibiting repellent activity in addition to fast killing, like pyrethroids, could prevent pathogen transmission even in cases of immediate transfer. Successful blocking depends on effective action in the context of the extremely diverse life-cycles of vectors and vector-borne pathogens of medical and veterinary importance which are summarized in this review. This complexity leads to important parameters to consider for ectoparasiticide research and when considering the ideal drug profile for preventing disease transmission.

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Natural history of Ehrlichia ruminantium

Cited by 120 publications

References 89 publications

Serological cross-reactivity between Anaplasma marginale and an Ehrlichia species in naturally and experimentally infected cattle

Serological cross-reactivity between Anaplasma marginale and an Ehrlichia species in naturally and experimentally infected cattle

Rickettsiales

Blocking Transmission of Vector‐borne Diseases

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