Natural History of Australian Bats

Richards, G. C.; Hall, Les; Parish, Steve

doi:10.1071/9780643103757

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Nelson suggested [ 26 ] that the function of self-grooming is for cleaning the body and wing membrane or reducing oil secretions. For self-maintenance, it is important to keep the wing soft and flexible by spreading the lipid droplets around the wing membrane by self-grooming [ 39 ]. In addition, it is a behavioral strategy for reducing the ectoparasite density, which tends to be higher in rainy seasons [ 21 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daytime behavior of <i>Pteropus vampyrus</i> in a natural habitat: the driver of viral transmission

Hengjan

Pramono

Takemae

et al. 2017

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Flying foxes, the genus Pteropus, are considered viral reservoirs. Their colonial nature and long flight capability enhance their ability to spread viruses quickly. To understand how the viral transmission occurs between flying foxes and other animals, we investigated daytime behavior of the large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus) in the Leuweung Sancang conservation area, Indonesia, by using instantaneous scan sampling and all-occurrence focal sampling. The data were obtained from 0700 to 1700 hr, during May 11–25, 2016. Almost half of the flying foxes (46.9 ± 10.6% of all recorded bats) were awake and showed various levels of activity during daytime. The potential behaviors driving disease transmission, such as self-grooming, mating/courtship and aggression, peaked in the early morning. Males were more active and spent more time on sexual activities than females. There was no significant difference in time spent for negative social behaviors between sexes. Positive social behaviors, especially maternal cares, were performed only by females. Sexual activities and negative/positive social behaviors enable fluid exchange between bats and thus facilitate intraspecies transmission. Conflicts for living space between the flying foxes and the ebony leaf monkey (Trachypithecus auratus) were observed, and this caused daily roosting shifts of flying foxes. The ecological interactions between bats and other wildlife increase the risk of interspecies infection. This study provides the details of the flying fox’s behavior and its interaction with other wildlife in South-East Asia that may help explain how pathogen spillover occurs in the wild.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daytime behavior of <i>Pteropus vampyrus</i> in a natural habitat: the driver of viral transmission

Hengjan

Pramono

Takemae

et al. 2017

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Bats typically symbolize death, darkness and the underground (Allen 1939, McCracken 1993 and, indeed, have a long and diverse career in religion, myths and folklore in many parts of the world, e.g. in central and southern Europe (Tupinier 1989), Scandinavia (Rääf 1957), tropical Africa (Knappert 1995), East Asia (Volker 1975), America (Benson 1987, Brady & Coltman 2016 and Australia (Richards et al 2012). In Europe bats have occurred in religious contexts at least since medieval times, often in the form of devils or demons with bat wings (Rumpler 1996, Lorenzi 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cimetière du Père-Lachaise. Bats and vampires in French Romanticism

2018

Barb

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In the literature, bats appeared already in the fables of Aesops more than five hundred years BC (Anon 2018) and, of course, they were also treated in Aristotle´s work De Animalibus (On animals) in the 3rd century BC. Bats were quite accurately described in 77 AD by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia (English translation 1967), ABSTRACTThe bats´ elusive life style and unusual appearance have always stimulated peoples´ imagination, perhaps more so than any other animal. Since medieval times the church has associated bats with the Devil as well as death, darkness and the underground, and, not surprisingly, bats have obtained a given place in folklore, art and fiction. In this paper, we present a remarkable display of bats in Cimetière du Père-Lachaise (the Père Lachaise cemetery) in Paris. The bats are symbolic and occur on vaults from the Romantic period (1820-1850), a passage of European history when bats were quite popular ingredients in artwork and literature, particularly in France. Most of the bat sculptures in Père Lachaise are quite realistic and apparently without any intent to invoke fear or send evil messages. They are typically displayed on the steel gates of the tombs and symbolise death and the long night before the flight to heaven. They often occur in association with an hourglass, a winged skull and/or an ouroboros, icons of the ephemeral nature of life and the eternal cycle of life and death, respectively. We speculate that the bat symbols could also have an apotropaic function, protecting the tomb and its inhabitants from evil forces and/or bad luck. The reputation of bats in Europe has not always been as negative as it is today, and those at Cimetière du Père-Lachaise illustrate its diversity and complexity. The tombs with bats in this cemetery are exclusive and exceptional items of human cultural history and we would strongly appreciate if they would be preserved for future studies and enlightenment.

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“…Globally, bats are the primary reservoir of lyssaviruses and all Australian bat species are considered susceptible . Bats (order Chiroptera) occur in two suborders: the Megachiroptera (flying foxes), of which Australia has 1 family that includes 5 genera and 13 species, and the Microchiroptera (small, mostly insectivorous bats), of which Australia has 6 families containing 20 genera and 65 species …”

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confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of species known to have been infected with ABLV includes all of Australia except southern Western Australia and parts of South Australia. (Figure )…”

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confidence: 99%

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Clinical review of two fatal equine cases of infection with the insectivorous bat strain ofAustralian bat lyssavirus

Annand

Reid²

2014

Aust Veterinary J

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Case series The first two confirmed cases of Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) infection in horses are presented. Both cases occurred in the same week in May 2013 in paddock mates in south‐east Queensland. Australia has been one of only a few countries considered free from rabies‐like viruses in domestic animal species. ABLV infection had previously only been confirmed in bats and humans. All three confirmed human cases were fatal, the latest in February 2013. An additional human case of possible abortive infection in 1996 has also been reported. Both equine cases reported here resulted in euthanasia. The risks of infection across other mammalian species are still to be determined. Conclusions These two equine cases highlight that ABLV should be considered as a differential diagnosis in animals with similar clinical presentations in Australia. There is a need for greater awareness regarding the zoonotic risk, use of personal protective equipment, pre‐ and post‐exposure prophylactic measures and laboratory diagnostic options. The authors recommend ABLV testing for all Australian cases of progressive equine neurological disease.

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Natural History of Australian Bats

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Daytime behavior of <i>Pteropus vampyrus</i> in a natural habitat: the driver of viral transmission

Daytime behavior of <i>Pteropus vampyrus</i> in a natural habitat: the driver of viral transmission

Cimetière du Père-Lachaise. Bats and vampires in French Romanticism

Clinical review of two fatal equine cases of infection with the insectivorous bat strain ofAustralian bat lyssavirus

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