Natural History of Attempts to Stop Smoking

Hughes, John R.; Solomon, Laura J.; Naud, Shelly; Fingar, James R.; Helzer, John E.; Callas, Peter W.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu052

Cited by 89 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Many help-seekers have not committed to an attempt, or to a timetable for implementation at the point of seeking help, so could be encouraged to either quit immediately (with any necessary planning to take place in the period after initiating change), or quit to their own timetable. As far as we know, there is no such trial of immediate implementation, though there are several correlational studies of the benefit of a quit date [15][16][17][18][19]. Hughes and Callas [17] found setting an earlier date (between 1-3 weeks) to be associated with making quit attempts and less early relapse than setting a later date (between 3-5 weeks), though not significantly related to greater abstinence at 6 months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Encouraging Rapid Implementation and/or Structured Planning of Quit Attempts on Smoking Cessation Outcomes: a Randomized Controlled Trial

2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Encouraging Rapid Implementation and/or Structured Planning of Quit Attempts on Smoking Cessation Outcomes: a Randomized Controlled Trial

2015

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“…While the social support component of the app was designed to provide young adults with opportunities to harness social support, in keeping with previous findings [37], wherein the CTC Facebook posts were primarily posted by a CTC moderator rather than a young adult smoker, young adults seldomly posted on the CTC Facebook TM page. The findings of the current study indicate that this component afforded constrained identity protection, inhibited productive competition, and constrained co-participation.…”

Section: Unproductive Affordancesmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In addition to motivation, capability and behavioral triggers must also be considered and integrated into gamification features (e.g., through problem solving, storytelling, and fantasy) [36]. Given that quitting smoking is a process known to frequently encompass struggles and relapse [37], the importance of enhancing self-efficacy for cessation and awareness of smoking triggers should be understood as key. Unless an individual is on a straightforward success trajectory, which is seldom the case, it is possible to see how a focus on gamification to strengthen motivation is unreliable as a sole influence for smoking cessation.…”

Section: Productive Affordancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Crush the Crave Quit Smoking App and Young Adult Smokers: Qualitative Case Study of Affordances (Preprint)

Struik¹,

Bottorff²,

Baskerville³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Background: Smartphone apps have emerged as a promising way to reach young adult smokers given their high smartphone ownership rates, and openness to receiving cessation support via digital technologies. While emerging evidence indicates that quit smoking apps are an effective way to reduce smoking among young adults, lacking is formative evaluative research that captures the perspectives of end-users. Objective: The objective of this study was to contribute insights toward understanding how young adults interact with the Crush the Crave (CTC app), and how this interaction shapes young adults' smoking cessation experiences and practices, with consideration for the influence of gender. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 young adult CTC users. Guided by sociomateriality theory and an affordances approach, data were inductively analyzed to derive thematic findings in relation to the impacts of CTC on quit efforts, and to expose the underlying affordances (mechanisms) that lend to these outcomes. Findings were grouped according to the 4 design components of CTC: credibility, social support, task support and dialogue support. Results: The credibility component of CTC played an important role in harnessing the trust of young adults because it afforded them promise in relation to its potential effectiveness in assisting them with quitting smoking. Affordances of the social support component lent to various user practices and experiences that rendered this aspect as the weakest component in supporting quit efforts. While most functions situated in the task and dialogue support components were found to be helpful, there were a few affordances in CTC that resulted in negative experiences, notably weaning from smoking. Gender-related influences were also evident. For example, young men preferred to control and self-manage their quitting and, therefore, did not engage with functions that afforded journaling or reminding to stay on track. Women, by contrast were more likely to benefit from these affordances. Conclusion: An affordances approach is productive for gaining an in-depth understanding of how mobile apps interact with users to lend to particular outcomes. The study findings have implications for developing and improving apps for helping young adults quit smoking, as well as apps that target other health behaviours. Productive affordances may also serve as a beginning framework for leveraging apps for smoking cessation.

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“…To ascertain the primary outcome, participants were asked, ‘Are you currently trying to quit smoking?’ Assessing trying to quit smoking as an indicator of future tobacco use is a valid approach because studies indicate that successful smoking cessation is often augmented by a clear intention to quit (Echer & Barreto, 2008; Hughes et al, 2014; Thibodeau, Jorenby, Seal, Kim, & Sosman, 2010). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Use Among People Who Have Been in Prison: Relapse and Factors Associated with Trying to Quit

et al. 2016

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Introduction Tobacco use is common among people who have been in prison. The relationship between social stressors, risky health behaviours, and smoking cessation has not been studied in people recently released from prison. Studying this relationship could yield information that guides strategic and cost-effective tobacco cessation interventions for an under-resourced population. Methods One hundred and forty-three smokers were interviewed 7 to 21 days after they had been released from USA prisons. Independent variables included employment status, housing security, relationship problems, educational achievement, risky drinking behaviour, recent drug use, history of drug dependence, and depression. The primary outcome was ‘trying to quit smoking.’ Data were analysed using Pearson chi-square tests and single and multivariable logistic regression models. Results Of those who had to quit smoking due to tobacco-free prison policies, 98% reported relapsing on tobacco after release. Trying to quit smoking was associated with the absence of risky drinking behaviour in the past 30 days (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 6.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02–20.48). Conclusions The absence of risky drinking behaviour is associated with trying to quit smoking among people recently released from prison. Further research may determine whether interventions addressing risky alcohol use can reduce smoking relapse.

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Natural History of Attempts to Stop Smoking

Abstract: This study provides a prospective fine-grain description of the incidence and pattern of intentions to quit, quit attempts, abstinence, and reduction in order to address several clinical questions about self-quitting.

Cited by 89 publications

References 53 publications

Effects of Encouraging Rapid Implementation and/or Structured Planning of Quit Attempts on Smoking Cessation Outcomes: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of Encouraging Rapid Implementation and/or Structured Planning of Quit Attempts on Smoking Cessation Outcomes: a Randomized Controlled Trial

The Crush the Crave Quit Smoking App and Young Adult Smokers: Qualitative Case Study of Affordances (Preprint)

Tobacco Use Among People Who Have Been in Prison: Relapse and Factors Associated with Trying to Quit

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