Natural Hirudin Increases Rat Flap Viability by Anti-Inflammation via PARs/p38/NF-<i>κ</i>B Pathway

Liu, Peng; Pan, Xinyuan; Yin, Guowen

doi:10.1155/2015/597264

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Ischemic damage to the flap tissue and subsequent necrosis can be augmented by clinical and pharmacological interventions that suppress oxidative tissue damage or increase tissue tolerance against injury (3,4). There are several chains of molecular and cellular events which cause flap necrosis including the lack of the nutrients and ATP, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rosmarinus Improved Skin Flap Survival Through mTOR Dependent Pathway

Javid

Norouzy

Bangaleh

et al. 2018

Serbian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology

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Introduction: Skin flap application in the clinical practice is restricted due to the ischemic damage and flap necrosis. Rosmarinus oil has been shown to improve a skin flap survival. In the present work we studied the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling on rosmarinus-induced flap protection. Methods: A flap surgery was performed on Sprauge-Dawley rats (8 cm in by 3 cm). A week before and a week after the surgery the flaps were treated with topical rosmarinus oil (twice per day). Rapamycin (m-TOR inhibitor) was administered 30 minutes before the flap surgery in rosmarinus-treated or not treated groups. A week after the surgery the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, expression of Bax, Bcl-2, mTOR and p-mTOR were measured in the flap tissue. Results: Topical application of the rosmarinus increased the flap survival (p<0.05), anti-oxidative enzyme activity (SOD, p<0.05) and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression. Rosmarinus treatment decreased the flap MDA content, MPO activity, and pro-apoptotic protein Bax expression (p<0.05). Rosmarinus topical application did not change mTOR expression and phosphorylation in the flap tissue. Expression of p-mTOR in rosmarinus treated group was suppressed by rapamycin pre-treatment, which also abolished rosmarinus effects on the flap survival (p<0.05). Conclusion: These data suggested p-mTOR dependent mechanism in rosmarinus-induced flap survival.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rosmarinus Improved Skin Flap Survival Through mTOR Dependent Pathway

Javid

Norouzy

Bangaleh

et al. 2018

Serbian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology

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“…5 Based on this, a considerable amount of research has been done with the aim to increase tissue viability. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The evaluation of the results of interventions performed in experimental models of skin grafts and flaps include some methods, such as gene expression analysis, 10,13 protein expression analysis, 11,12,[14][15][16] assessment of histological changes, 11,12,15 and the percentage of viable tissue. 6,7,17,18 The latter is widely used for being fast, inexpensive, and efficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three methods can be used to evaluate the percentage of viable tissue: weight of paper template (WPT), 17,18 paper template area (PTA), 19 and photographic area (PA). 11,14,16 The paper template method was first described by Sasaki and Pang in 1980 20 and since then it has been used to evaluate the percentage of flap necrosis on the seventh postoperative day. This technique takes into consideration the weight of the template paper where the flap has been drawn to calculate its viability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Three Methods for the Analysis of Skin Flap Viability: Reliability and Validity

Tim

Martignago

Silva

et al. 2018

Advances in Wound Care

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Technological advances have provided new alternatives to the analysis of skin flap viability in animal models; however, the interrater validity and reliability of these techniques have yet to be analyzed. The present study aimed to evaluate the interrater validity and reliability of three different methods: weight of paper template (WPT), paper template area (PTA), and photographic analysis. Sixteen male Wistar rats had their cranially based dorsal skin flap elevated. On the seventh postoperative day, the viable tissue area and the necrotic area of the skin flap were recorded using the paper template method and photo image. The evaluation of the percentage of viable tissue was performed using three methods, simultaneously and independently by two raters. The analysis of interrater reliability and viability was performed using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland Altman Plot Analysis was used to visualize the presence or absence of systematic bias in the evaluations of data validity. The results showed that interrater reliability for WPT, measurement of PTA, and photographic analysis were 0.995, 0.990, and 0.982, respectively. For data validity, a correlation >0.90 was observed for all comparisons made between the three methods. In addition, Bland Altman Plot Analysis showed agreement between the comparisons of the methods and the presence of systematic bias was not observed. Digital methods are an excellent choice for assessing skin flap viability; moreover, they make data use and storage easier. Independently from the method used, the interrater reliability and validity proved to be excellent for the analysis of skin flaps' viability.

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“…Studies have shown that ischemia-reperfusion can induce the production of cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α in endothelial and inflammatory cells. Notably, the expression of inflammatory mediators and factors (such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α) exacerbates the inflammatory response, while the inhibition of NF-κB expression prevents the release of inflammatory factors [ 22 – 23 ] . It is suggested that the activation of inflammatory signaling pathway participates in ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury of vascular endothelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TIR/BB-loop mimetic AS-1 protects vascular endothelial cells from injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation

Zhang

Hou

et al. 2020

J Biomed Res

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Morphological and functional abnormalities of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) are risk factors of ischemia-reperfusion in skin flaps. Signaling pathway mediated by interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) is essential to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury of VECs. While the TIR/BB-loop mimetic (AS-1) disrupts the interaction between IL-1R and myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88), its role in the VECs dysfunction under H/R is unclear. In this study, we first showed that there was an infiltration of inflammatory cells and the apoptosis of VECs by using a skin flap section from patients who received flap transplantation. We then showed that the H/R treatment induced apoptosis and loss of cell migration of endothelial cell line H926 were attenuated by AS-1. Furthermore, our data suggested that AS-1 inhibits the interaction between IL-1R and MyD88, and subsequent phosphorylation of IκB and p38 pathway, as well as the nuclear localization of NF-KB subunit p65/p50. Thus, this study indicated that the protective role of AS-1 in H/R induced cellular injury may be due to the AS-1 mediated down-regulation of IL-1R signaling pathway.

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Natural Hirudin Increases Rat Flap Viability by Anti-Inflammation via PARs/p38/NF-κB Pathway

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Rosmarinus Improved Skin Flap Survival Through mTOR Dependent Pathway

Rosmarinus Improved Skin Flap Survival Through mTOR Dependent Pathway

A Comparison of Three Methods for the Analysis of Skin Flap Viability: Reliability and Validity

TIR/BB-loop mimetic AS-1 protects vascular endothelial cells from injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation

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