Natural Hermaphroditic Toad (Bufo microscaphus × Bufo woodhousii)

Sullivan, Brian K.; Propper, Catherine R.; Demlong, Michael J.; Harvey, L. A.

doi:10.2307/1446868

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Type IV;Witschi, 1933;Pancak, 1987). The naturally occurring hermaphroditic toads frequent among North American hybrids of Bufo (=Anaxyrus) microscaphus and B. woodhousii have large ovaries (presumably functional Bidder's organs) and small testes, and their gonads produce eggs and sperm (Sullivan et al, 1996).…”

Section: Short History Of Bidder's Organ In Bufonidaementioning

confidence: 99%

Bidder’s organ – structure, development and function

Piprek

Kloc²,

Kubiak

2014

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Bidder's organ is an ovary-like structure, which develops from the anterior part of the gonadal ridge in anuran amphibians belonging to the Bufonidae family. Bidder's organs form in both males and females. Because Bidder's organ contains female germ cells (oocytes), the bufonid males are de facto hermaphrodites. Due to similarity with the undeveloped ovary, Bidder's organ was, in early literature, described, inaccurately, as a structure present only in males. Due to the fact that Bidder's organ is a unique structure present only in Bufonidae, it is not well studied and its function still remains a mystery. Here we describe the development and structure of Bidder's organs, summarize the knowledge on gene expression and steroidogenic activity in these organs, and present hypotheses regarding Bidder's organ function.

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Section: Short History Of Bidder's Organ In Bufonidaementioning

confidence: 99%

Bidder’s organ – structure, development and function

Piprek

Kloc²,

Kubiak

2014

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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“…Results show the importance of distance to streams was our third most influential variable, with habitat suitability decreasing with increased distance, confirming that riparian zones are important for A. microscaphus (Sullivan, 1992), regardless of elevation or biome. Near stream and riparian habitat use may be most important during the post‐metamorph emergence period, just before summer monsoons, which often coincides with hot summer temperatures because of more shade, higher relative humidity and greater soil moisture than upland areas, especially in dryland systems (Riddle & Bateman, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Model transferability and predicted response of a dryland anuran to climate change in the Southwest United States

de Albuquerque,

Bateman,

Ryan

et al. 2023

Journal of Biogeography

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AimWe propose a combined approach to explore the model transferability and the effect of climate change on habitat suitability.LocationSouthwest United States.TaxonAmphibians; Anura; Bufonidae; Anaxyrus microscaphus.MethodsTo assess the impacts of climate change on A. microscaphus, we obtained 3162 records from the Arizona Game and Fish Department. We classified occurrence records data into six historical groups (from 1960 to 2018) and a contemporary group (from 2019 to 2022). We investigated the ability of historical data to generate accurate predictions of the species' contemporary distribution. We used species distribution modelling to compute habitat suitability values and identified spatial clusters of high suitability values (using hotspot analyses).ResultsWe show that historical occurrences successfully predicted the contemporary distribution of A. microscaphus. We demonstrate that the geographical distribution of contemporary hotspots is strongly related to precipitation of the wettest quarter. This research provides evidence that climate change will likely affect the distribution of hotspots and the habitat suitability of A. microscaphus. Losses of 37%–48% contraction are expected at the margins of the range both in the north and south of the geographic limits.Main ConclusionsWe show that recent past data can be used to predict contemporary species distribution accurately. We highlight that habitat suitability values of A. microscaphus are strongly related to climate, topography and distance to streams. This study provides clear evidence of the negative impacts of climate change on habitat suitability in the Southwest United States drylands. Our approach has applied utility to managers to target survey areas, monitor habitat changes, plan for conservation mitigation measures, conserve stream flows across the species' range and inform recovery if needed. Thus, managers could use previously collected data to predict contemporary species distribution when their occurrence accurately characterizes the species' ecological niche.

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Forms and prevalence of intersexuality and effects of environmental contaminants on sexuality in cricket frogs (Acris crepitans).

Reeder

Foley

Nichols

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

123

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Cricket frogs (Acris crepitans) from several different sites in Illinois were collected to assess the effects of environmental contamination on the prevalence of intersex gonads. Of 341 frogs collected in 1993, 1994, and 1995, 2.7% were intersex individuals. There was no statistically significant relationship between the chemical compounds detected and cricket frog intersexuality. However, there was an association approaching significance (p = 0.07) between the detection of atrazine and intersex individuals. A comparison of reference sites with sites that had point polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) contamination revealed a significant relationship between sex-ratio reversal and contamination with PCBs and PCDFs. The sex ratio of juvenile frogs studied from three sites with PCB and PCDF point contamination favored males over females, which was the opposite of the sex ratio in control ponds (p = 0.0007). The statistically significant correlation between organochlorine contamination and sex-ratio reversal suggests PCBs and PCDFs can influence cricket frog sexual differentiation. The current study suggests that in cricket frogs, sex ratios and the prevalence of intersex gonads are altered by environmental contamination.ImagesFigure 1Figure 2

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Natural Hermaphroditic Toad (Bufo microscaphus × Bufo woodhousii)

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Bidder’s organ – structure, development and function

Bidder’s organ – structure, development and function

Model transferability and predicted response of a dryland anuran to climate change in the Southwest United States

Forms and prevalence of intersexuality and effects of environmental contaminants on sexuality in cricket frogs (Acris crepitans).

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