Natural Gas and Diesel Transit Bus Emissions: Review and Recent Data

Clark, Nigel N.; Gautam, Mridul; Lyons, Donald W.; Bata, Reda M.; Wang, Wenguang; Norton, Paul; Chandler, Kevin

doi:10.4271/973203

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…6 Testing was performed on this bus using several different driving test cycles run consecutively. The bus was outfitted with a Detroit Diesel Series 50 engine coupled to a five-speed automatic transmission.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Heavy-duty Diesel Vehicle Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle Emissions

Clark

Kern

Atkinson

et al. 2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Societal and governmental pressures to reduce diesel exhaust emissions are reflected in the existing and projected future heavy-duty certification standards of these emissions. Various factors affect the amount of emissions produced by a heterogeneous charge diesel engine in any given situation, but these are poorly quantified in the existing literature. The parameters that most heavily affect the emissions from compression ignition engine-powered vehicles include vehicle class and weight, driving cycle, vehicle vocation, fuel type, engine exhaust aftertreatment, vehicle age, and the terrain traveled. In addition, engine control effects (such as injection timing strategies) on measured emissions can be significant. Knowing the effect of each aspect of engine and vehicle operation on the emissions from diesel engines is useful in determining methods for reducing these emissions and in assessing the need for improvement in inventory models. The effects of each of these aspects have been quantified in this paper to provide an estimate of the impact each one has on the emissions of diesel engines.

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Section: Factors Affecting Heavy-duty Diesel Vehicle Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle Emissions

Clark

Kern

Atkinson

et al. 2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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show abstract

“…However, some medical research suggests that total particle count and size, not simply mass, pose a greater health concern. 6 Moore has also argued that motor vehicle emissions are a major contributor to poor visibility in urban areas, so that diesel engines will also be impacted by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) haze regulations. 7 One concern is that modern engine technologies, while reducing total PM mass, may be increasing the total particle count and reducing the average particle size to the more potentially damaging low submicron-size range.…”

Section: Field Measurements Of Particulate Matter Emissions Carbon Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Measurements of Particulate Matter Emissions, Carbon Monoxide, and Exhaust Opacity from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

Clark

Jarrett

Atkinson

1999

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Diesel particulate matter (PM) is a significant contributor to ambient air PM 10 and PM 2.5 particulate levels. In addition, recent literature argues that submicron diesel PM is a pulmonary health hazard. There is difficulty in attributing PM emissions to specific operating modes of a diesel engine, although it is acknowledged that PM production rises dramatically with load and that high PM emissions occur during rapid load increases on turbocharged engines. Snap-acceleration tests generally identify PM associated with rapid transient operating conditions, but not with high load. To quantify the origin of PM during transient engine operation, continuous opacity measurements have been made using a Wager 650CP full flow exhaust opacity meter. Opacity measurements were taken while the vehicles were operated over transient driving cycles on a chassis dynamometer using the West Virginia University (WVU) Transportable Heavy Duty Vehicle Emissions Testing Laboratories. Data were gathered from Detroit Diesel, Cummins, Caterpillar, and Navistar heavy-duty (HD) diesel engines. Driving cycles used were the Central Business District (CBD) cycle, the WVU 5-Peak Truck cycle, the WVU 5-Mile route, and the New IMPLICATIONS Data comparing integrated opacity and integrated PM mass over a transient diesel chassis test cycle have shown a poor correlation between the two measurements. This implies that opacity measurements may not prove to be a precise tool for identifying high PM emitters. Also, in developing models to describe instantaneous mass emissions of PM from a vehicle, it would be unwise to proportion the measured PM mass over the cycle with respect to opacity readings. There is a stronger correlation between CO and PM measurements for the case of a specific vehicle. Therefore, instantaneous CO readings may be used to proportion PM over a cycle to yield an instantaneous PM value. Even though this method may be undesirably inaccurate, it is the only tool presently available to create continuous PM data for inventory modeling using existing databases.

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“…However, most of the HC mass consisted of methane. Emissions from NGB across North America and Europe have been well-documented in numerous published studies (Wang et al 1993;Clark et al 1997;McCormick et al 1999;Weaver et al 2000;Wayne et al 2004;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%