Natural Extracts That Stimulate Adipocyte Browning and Their Underlying Mechanisms

Lee, Min‐Kyeong; Lee, Bonggi; Kim, Choon Young

doi:10.3390/antiox10020308

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Recently, stimulatory effect of CE on adipocyte browning has been demonstrated. CE increased the gene expression of markers related to brown adipocyte including Cidea, Prdm16, Pgc, and Cpt-1; while decreased that of white adipocyte markers including Dpt and Igf in 3T3-L1 adipocytes [ 81 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic and therapeutic insight into the effects of cinnamon in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in the women at their reproductive age. Nowadays, the use of herbal compounds for lesser side effects, as compared to drug treatments, has become popular for the prevention and reduction of the complications of this disease. Evidence suggests that cinnamon, given its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, can be associated with reduced metabolic complications from chronic non-communicable diseases. This systematic review aimed to determine the potential effect of cinnamon on the metabolic status in the PCOS. PICO framework for current systematic review was Population (P): subjects with PCOS; Intervention (I): oral cinnamon supplement; Comparison (C): the group as control or administered placebo; and Outcome (O): changed inflammatory, oxidative stress, lipid profile, glycemic, hormonal and anthropometric parameters and ovarian function. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest and Google Scholar were searched from their very inception until January, 2020, considering specific keywords to explore the related studies. Out of 266 studies retrieved by the search strategy, only nine were eligible for evaluation. All clinical trials, animal studies, and published English-language journal studies were eligible for this review. The results showed that increased high-density lipoprotein and insulin sensitivity were increased by the cinnamon supplementation while low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and blood glucose were decreased in patients with PCOS. However, the results related to the potential effects of cinnamon on body weight and body mass index were inconsistent, thus calling for further studies. Also, despite improved results regarding the effect of cinnamon on oxidative stress and ovarian function, further studies are required to explore the precise mechanisms. Overall, the effects of cinnamon on the improvement of metabolic status in PCOS were promising. However, to observe clinical changes following cinnamon supplementation in PCOS, more clinical trials with higher doses of cinnamon and a longer duration of intervention are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic and therapeutic insight into the effects of cinnamon in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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“…This could help to adapt the production response to the increasing worldwide commercial interest in algae, because of their remarkable value as food and source of products valuable for dietary, nutraceutical and pharmacology purposes. In this respect, algae are proposed to fight metabolic syndrome and obesity and even to improve the growth of bones in early development, for their content in antioxidant bioactive products with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and their demonstrated ability in modulating browning of adipocytes and hormones in growth regulation [50][51][52].…”

Section: Chlorophyll and Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, it is to recall that Spirulina species belong to cyanobacteria and contain both chlorophyll and phycocyanins, the respective green and blue pigments involved in photosynthesis, making Spirulina species to be commonly defined as a blue-green alga. Phycocyanins exhibit special spectral properties in term of high absorbance and fluorescence yields, accounting for their photoprotection role in cyanobacteria and for more general strong antioxidant properties, which have stimulated the use of phycocyanins in nutriceutics and pharmacology, besides the use in food and pharmaceutics as a mere dye [15,50,51,[54][55][56][57][58][59]. The absorption and fluorescence properties of purified phycocyanin and allophycocyanin have been also analyzed by time-resolved techniques to investigate ultrafast kinetic components of excitation energy transfer in phycobilisome, with the aim to improve the collection of solar energy for photovoltaic applications [15].…”

Section: Chlorophyll and Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main fluorophores described in this section are summarized in Table 2. [10,22,23] Abiotic stress in higher plants [39] Phycocyanin Allo-phycocyanin 550-670 nm 650-700 nm Light harvesting, efficient energy conversion, photoprotection in cyanobacteria [58] Food and pharmaceutic additives [15,50,51,[54][55][56][57][58][59] Models to improve photovoltaic applications [15] * Other optical parameters besides absorption/fluorescence may have been used in some applications; excitation/emission ranges may vary depending on measurement conditions.…”

Section: Chlorophyll and Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Light and Autofluorescence, Multitasking Features in Living Organisms

Croce

2021

Photochem

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Organisms belonging to all life kingdoms may have the natural capacity to fluoresce. Autofluorescence events depend on the presence of natural biomolecules, namely endogenous fluorophores, with suitable chemical properties in terms of conjugated double bonds, aromatic or more complex structures with oxidized and crosslinked bonds, ensuring an energy status able to permit electronic transitions matching with the energy of light in the UV-visible-near-IR spectral range. Emission of light from biological substrates has been reported since a long time, inspiring unceasing and countless studies. Early notes on autofluorescence of vegetables have been soon followed by attention to animals. Investigations on full living organisms from the wild environment have been driven prevalently by ecological and taxonomical purposes, while studies on cells, tissues and organs have been mainly promoted by diagnostic aims. Interest in autofluorescence is also growing as a sensing biomarker in food production and in more various industrial processes. The associated technological advances have supported investigations ranging from the pure photochemical characterization of specific endogenous fluorophores to their possible functional meanings and biological relevance, making fluorescence a valuable intrinsic biomarker for industrial and diagnostic applications, in a sort of real time, in situ biochemical analysis. This review aims to provide a wide-ranging report on the most investigated natural fluorescing biomolecules, from microorganisms to plants and animals of different taxonomic degrees, with their biological, environmental or biomedical issues relevant for the human health. Hence, some notes in the different sections dealing with different biological subject are also interlaced with human related issues. Light based events in biological subjects have inspired an almost countless literature, making it almost impossible to recall here all associated published works, forcing to apologize for the overlooked reports. This Review is thus proposed as an inspiring source for Readers, addressing them to additional literature for an expanded information on specific topics of more interest.

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“…Accordingly, white and brown adipocytes substantially differ in morphology and cellular processes. While white adipocytes have a large lipid droplet and only a few mitochondria, brown adipocytes have multiple smaller lipid droplets and high mitochondrial content that express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) [ 12 ]. The UCP1 drives the non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipocytes [ 13 ].…”

Section: Adipose Tissue Remodeling Impairment Of Redox Homeostasis An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Peroxidation in Obesity: Can Bariatric Surgery Help?

Soldo¹,

Soldo²,

Karačić³

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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Obesity and chronic oxidative stress, often being associated with each other in a vicious circle, are important factors of chronic diseases. Although it was usually considered to accompany aging and wealth, global trends show the increase in obesity among children even in Third World countries. Being manifested by an imbalance between energy consumption and food intake, obesity is characterized by an excessive or abnormal fat accumulation, impaired redox homeostasis and metabolic changes often associated with the self-catalyzed lipid peroxidation generating 4-hydroxynonenal, pluripotent bioactive peroxidation product of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conservative methods targeting obesity produced only modest and transient results in the treatment of morbid obesity. Therefore, in recent years, surgery, primarily bariatric, became an attractive treatment for morbid obesity. Since adipose tissue is well known as a stress organ with pronounced endocrine functions, surgery results in redox balance and metabolic improvement of the entire organism. The source of bioactive lipids and lipid-soluble antioxidants, and the complex pathophysiology of lipid peroxidation should thus be considered from the aspects of personalized and integrative biomedicine to treat obesity in an appropriate way.

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Natural Extracts That Stimulate Adipocyte Browning and Their Underlying Mechanisms

Cited by 11 publications

References 72 publications

Mechanistic and therapeutic insight into the effects of cinnamon in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review

Mechanistic and therapeutic insight into the effects of cinnamon in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review

Light and Autofluorescence, Multitasking Features in Living Organisms

Lipid Peroxidation in Obesity: Can Bariatric Surgery Help?

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