Natural experiment methodology for research: a review of how different methods can support real-world research

Leatherdale, Scott T.

doi:10.1080/13645579.2018.1488449

Cited by 184 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This may have the effect of ignoring evidence from other sources, including ‘natural’ experiments of, for example, wider population measures such as restrictions on the promotional marketing of ‘junk’ food to adolescents or the creation of neighbourhood cycling routes. Future studies should consider using robust study designs, for example, interrupted time series analysis of a natural experiment to evaluate such interventions, if RCTs are not feasible 77 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary prevention of overweight and obesity in adolescents: An overview of systematic reviews

et al. 2020

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The aim of this overview of systematic reviews was to summarize evidence from up-to-date reviews of the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing overweight and obesity in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. We searched nine databases for systematic reviews published between January 2008 and November 2019. We used A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 to assess the quality of reviews, excluding those of critically low quality, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) tool to grade the certainty of included evidence. We included 13 reviews. Three reviews focused on dietary behaviour, six on physical activity, and four on both types of behaviours. Individual-oriented and school-based interventions dominated. Results across reviews showed little or no effect on body mass index, or physical activity levels of adolescents, whereas results from a couple of reviews suggest possibly beneficial effects of public health interventions on dietary behaviours (i.e., consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages). The certainty of evidence was low to very low for all outcomes. Overall, the evidence base for the effect of primary interventions to prevent overweight and obesity in adolescents is weak. In particular, there is a lack of reviews assessing the impact of environmental interventions targeting adolescents, and reviews addressing social inequality are virtually absent from this body of literature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary prevention of overweight and obesity in adolescents: An overview of systematic reviews

et al. 2020

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“…Such strategies be considered as primary prevention tools for targeting school-based bullying and subclinical mental disorders among Canadian high school students. The impact of these anti-bullying interventions could be examined as natural experiments using quasiexperimental methods in hierarchical longitudinal data systems such as COMPASS (Leatherdale 2019).…”

Section: Implications and Recommendations For Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

High School Bullying and Mental Disorder: an Examination of the Association with Flourishing and Emotional Regulation

Romano

Butler

Patte

et al. 2019

Int Journal of Bullying Prevention

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Bullying behaviours are shown to be associated with symptoms of affective disorder; however, there is limited evidence of these associations in a Canadian high school context. We sought to examine the relationship between psychosocial characteristics of high school youth, their bullying involvement, and their self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. Logistic regression was conducted using data from year 5 of the COMPASS Study, a large behavioural health survey of Canadian students in grades 9 to 12. Data were used from 6,585 students who participated in a pilot test introducing a new Mental Health-Module (MH-M). One third of students in our sample reported clinically-relevant symptoms of anxiety, and over 40% reported symptoms of depression. Approximately 20% of students reported involvement in bullying as victims, perpetrators, or victim-perpetrators. Overall, being involved in bullying as a victim or victim-perpetrator was associated with increased likelihood of anxiety and depression, but this was not observed for perpetration. Measures of mental wellbeing and emotional regulation skills were also significantly associated with clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety and depression among students in our sample, and were shown to partially mediate the relationship between bullying and mental disorder. Further research is needed to investigate the protective effects of positive mental wellbeing and socio-emotional skills on mental disorder, within high school bullying contexts. School-based prevention efforts that aim to foster emotional intelligence and improve flourishing among youth may be most effective in addressing the psychological burdens of bullying involvement.

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“…Se trata de un experimento natural (EN) con diseño de series de tiempo interrumpidas (STI) (21). En los EN, las condiciones experimentales y de control de los individuos expuestos no están determinadas por los investigadores, ya que estos no tienen control sobre la intervención (21). Cuando la experimentación controlada no es factible de implementar o no es ética, los EN se emplean como diseños de estudio (21).…”

Section: Materialses Y Métodosunclassified

“…En los EN, las condiciones experimentales y de control de los individuos expuestos no están determinadas por los investigadores, ya que estos no tienen control sobre la intervención (21). Cuando la experimentación controlada no es factible de implementar o no es ética, los EN se emplean como diseños de estudio (21). En este sentido, la intervención estudiada fue el programa de salud que permite el acceso universal a TARV implementado en Perú.…”

Section: Materialses Y Métodosunclassified

Impacto del Programa TARGA en la disminución de casos de sida en el sistema de salud peruano, 1983-2018

Canto

Gervasi

Alvirio

2020

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

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Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto del programa de terapia antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA) en la disminución de casos estadio sida en Perú en el período 1983-2018. Métodos. Experimento natural con diseño de series de tiempo interrumpidas durante un período de 36 años. Se analizaron los casos de sida según el año de diagnóstico y la política de acceso universal a la terapia con antirretrovirales del año 2004. Se emplearon datos agregados del Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Prevención y Control de Enfermedades de 1983 al 2018. Se utilizó la regresión logarítmica lineal y se evaluó el Programa TARGA con un modelo autorregresivo integrado de media móvil (ARIMA, por sus siglas en inglés), a fin de realizar un pronóstico del número esperado de casos anuales de sida, y mediante series de tiempo interrumpidas. Resultados. Entre 2004 y 2018 hubo un decremento anual de 2,60% de casos (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: -3,9 - 1,2). El mejor modelo ARIMA identificado tuvo los componentes: (8, 3, 1). El pronóstico arrojó un total de 32 709 nuevos casos de sida para este período, con una prevención estimada de 10 280 casos. El análisis de series de tiempo arrojó una disminución anual de 134,21 (IC 95%: -160 - -108,60) casos. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos evidenciaron un aumento sustancial en los casos de sida durante el período 1983-2004, con una reducción significativa posterior a la implementación del Programa TARGA. El programa se confirma como una intervención efectiva para la prevención del número de casos de sida, permite el acceso universal a la terapia con antirretrovirales y otorga otros servicios como pruebas de monitoreo, consejería psicológica y el fomento de la adherencia al tratamiento en las personas que viven con VIH-sida.

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Natural experiment methodology for research: a review of how different methods can support real-world research

Cited by 184 publications

References 17 publications

Primary prevention of overweight and obesity in adolescents: An overview of systematic reviews

Primary prevention of overweight and obesity in adolescents: An overview of systematic reviews

High School Bullying and Mental Disorder: an Examination of the Association with Flourishing and Emotional Regulation

Impacto del Programa TARGA en la disminución de casos de sida en el sistema de salud peruano, 1983-2018

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