Natural Enemy Resistance to Pesticides: Documentation, Characterization, Theory and Application

Croft, B. A.; Strickler, Karen

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4466-7_29

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Different models of tolerance to the three enzyme inhibitors and the insecticides used in this study and different enzymatic potential existed in parasitoids, predators and herbivores owing to the different selection of insecticide pressure, as well as different ecological and biological habitats 18. The low competition in parasitoids might arise from a variety of factors, including a generally lower detoxification capacity (lacking preadaptation), lower genetic variability (in response to pesticides) and the fact that they spend less time in treated habitats, as suggested by Croft and Strikler 24. This will inevitably further complicate integrated pest management, as the insecticides and enzyme inhibitors are used simultaneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Insecticide toxicity and synergism by enzyme inhibitors in 18 species of pest insect and natural enemies in crucifer vegetable crops

Miyata

Kang

et al. 2007

Pest Management Science

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The toxicities of three enzyme inhibitors and their synergistic effects on four insecticides were studied by using the dry film method on field populations of 18 species of insects collected in Jianxin and Shanjie, China, from 2003 to 2005. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effects of these enzyme inhibitors on the activities of acetylcholinesterases (AChE), carboxyesterases (CarE) and glutathione-S-transferases (GST), in vivo, were also studied. In general, triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and diethyl maleate (DEM) showed low toxicities to six herbivorous pest insects, four ladybirds and eight parasitoids. Piperonyl butoxide (PB) exhibited low toxicities to the herbivorous pest insects and ladybirds, but high toxicities to the eight parasitoids. The tolerance to the insecticides in 11 pest insects and natural enemies was mainly associated with the tolerance to PB. PB showed the highest synergism on methamidophos, fenvalerate, fipronil and avermectin in nine species of pest insects and natural enemies. In general, TPP and DEM showed significant synergisms to these four insecticides in four parasitoid species. However, in contrast to their effects on the parasitoids, the synergistic effects of TPP and DEM on the four insecticides by TPP and DEM against four pest insects and one ladybird varied depending on the insect species and enzyme inhibitor. Activity of AChE, CarE or GST could be strongly inhibited, in vivo, by PB, TPP or DEM, depending on the insect species and enzyme inhibitors. From the results obtained in this study, mixed-function oxidase (MFO) was thought to play the most critical role in insect tolerances to the tested insecticides in the field. Low competition existed in the evolution of insecticide resistance in the field populations of parasitoids, as compared with herbivorous pest insects and ladybirds. Possible causes of the high synergistic effects of PB on the four classes of insecticides, based on multiattack on the activity of CarE, GST or AChE in the insect species, are also discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Insecticide toxicity and synergism by enzyme inhibitors in 18 species of pest insect and natural enemies in crucifer vegetable crops

Miyata

Kang

et al. 2007

Pest Management Science

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“…Croft & Hoying (1975) concluded that if O-P resistance developed among fruit pests other than mites, and if carbaryi was subsequently used intensively for insect control, then resistance to carbaryl among A. fallacis populations would develop sufficiently to allow for IPM of mites. More recently, Croft et al (1982) found strains simultaneously resistant to azinphosmethyl, DDT and permethrin. Furthermore, permethrin resistance found in field populations has been elevated in laboratory selection experiments (Strickler & Croft.…”

Section: The Status Of Resistance In Apple Pestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod Resistance to Insecticides: A Key to Pest Control Failures and Successes in North American Apple Orchards

Croft

1982

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Cases of developed resistance in apple arthropods in North America, including pests and natural enemies, are reviewed with emphasis on the past 20 years since organophosphate (O-P) insecticides were first widely employed. During this period, no key pest, including the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella L., has developed resistance to the O-P compound, azinphosmethyl, while a variety of secondary pests including mites, aphids, leafhopper and leafminers, have done so as well as several important natural enemies of these species. The extensive features of DDT, O-P, carbamate and pyrethroid resistance in the predatory mites Tyhplodromus occidentalis Nesbitt and Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) are described. Also discussed is the impact of long-term O-P use and resistance in relation to pest problems, insecticide selectivity and IPM, increased biological control, changing requirements for new chemical insecticides and possibilities for "'resistance management" within the entire arthropod pest natural enemy complex associated with this crop.

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“…Three corollary hypotheses, each of which could potentially serve as the basis for a comparative test, can be erected from Gordon's (1961) original preadaptation hypothesis. First, Croft and Morse (1979) and Croft and Strickler (1983) proposed that insect predators and parasitoids, which experience reduced direct exposure to plant toxins, should have lower levels of enzyme activity and as a result less capacity to evolve pesticide resistance. The development and evaluation of this hypothesis has been reviewed by Croft (1990) and Tabashnik and Johnson (1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Peradaptations, Founder Events, and the Evolution of Resistance in Arthropods

Rosenheim¹,

Johnson²,

Mau³

et al. 1996

Journal of Economic Entomology

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We conducted literature-based comparative analyses of pesticide resistance evolution to evaluate 2 aspects of microevolutionary response to strong novel selection pressun's. First, it has been proposed that herbivorous arthropods are preadapted to evolve resistance by a system of detoxifying enzymes the evolution of which was elaborated in response to plant defensive chemicals. To test this hypothesis, we note that arthropods that feed on plant vascular tissues (phloem and xylem, which are less strongly chemically defended than other tissues) have lower levels of detoxifying enzyme activities than species that chew or feed on cell contents, and might therefore be expected to be less strongly preadapted to pesticides. The record of pesticide resistance evolution in 615 arthropod pests of North American agriculture is consistent with the biochemical pre adaptation hypothesis; phloem-and xylem-feeding species have a significantly diminished ability to evolve resistance when compared with eitller chewing or cell content-feeding species. The same result is obtained in an analysis restricted to species within the order Homoptera. We caution, however, that feeding behavior is confounded with taxonomy in these analyses; thus, strong inferences of a causal relationship between feeding mode and resistance evolution would be premature. Second, conventional theory suggests t11at population bottlenecks that occur during the initiation of geographically isolated populations can have profound effects on the genetic structure of populations, including particularly the loss of allelic diversity. Arthropods that have been introduced to North America, and thus have undergone founder events, might therefore be expected to be depauperate for key resistance-conferring genetic variants. Our analyses find no support for this founder event hypothesis; native and introduced species do not differ significantly in resistance evolution. We evaluate the importance of possibly confounding variables in the interpretation of these results and emphasize the need to integrate experimental results with these comparative broad-scale results.

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Natural Enemy Resistance to Pesticides: Documentation, Characterization, Theory and Application

Cited by 35 publications

References 49 publications

Insecticide toxicity and synergism by enzyme inhibitors in 18 species of pest insect and natural enemies in crucifer vegetable crops

Insecticide toxicity and synergism by enzyme inhibitors in 18 species of pest insect and natural enemies in crucifer vegetable crops

Arthropod Resistance to Insecticides: A Key to Pest Control Failures and Successes in North American Apple Orchards

Biochemical Peradaptations, Founder Events, and the Evolution of Resistance in Arthropods

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