Natural Emulgel from Dialdehyde Cellulose for Lipophilic Drug Delivery

Abstract

In this study, we develop a cellulosic emulgel based on dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) cross-linked with chitosan using an embedded emulsion for the delivery of lipophilic compounds. First, a surfactant-free oil-in-water emulsion was prepared by ultrasonication, using DAC as an interfacial stabilizer. Then, by adding chitosan to the emulsion, the aldehyde groups of DAC chemically reacted with the amine groups of chitosan via a Schiff base reaction to form a cross-linked emulgel, which was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The developed emulgel with a larger surface area (∼81 m2 g–1) swells more slowly compared to its hydrogel homologue (∼5 m2 g–1). Scanning electron microscopy imaging along with Barrett, Joyner and Halenda method results indicated the formation of a homogenized structural matrix of micro- and nanosized pores. β-Carotene was loaded in the oil phase, and its release was measured using a static orogastrointestinal method. It was shown that after safely passing the oral processing, only ∼20% of β-carotene is released in the stomach, while a gradual increase in β-carotene release, up to 50%, is observed during a 4-h stay in the intestines. This emulgel, rationally processed via safe and green strategies, is a promising candidate for the delivery of lipophilic compounds, specifically for the purpose of oral administration.

Current-status and applications of polysaccharides in drug delivery systems

“…The lipophilic β-carotene loaded in the oil-phase showed 20% release in stomach after passing safely through the oral cavity. Furthermore, 50% of β-carotene released in the intestines after 4 h in the presence of emulgel thereby indicating its application as oral delivery vehicle [274].…”

Multicompartment Hydrogels

“…Cellulose-based emulgels were employed by van de Ven and co-workers. [141] Therefore, dialdehyde cellulose was synthesized ). Reproduced with permission.…”

Fourier transform and near infrared dataset of dialdehyde celluloses used to determine the degree of oxidation with chemometric analysis

“… The data can be used to predict the degree of oxidation rapidly and reliably in dialdehyde celluloses. Determining the aldehyde content is crucial for tailoring the properties of dialdehyde cellulose, which is applied in areas such as drug delivery [4] , [5] , [6] , medical applications [7] , [8] , [9] , sensor technologies [10] , [11] , [12] and material science [13] . This dataset allows researchers to implement this method in everyday research saving money, time and resources.…”

“…Determining the aldehyde content is crucial for tailoring the properties of dialdehyde cellulose, which is applied in areas such as drug delivery [4] , [5] , [6] , medical applications [7] , [8] , [9] , sensor technologies [10] , [11] , [12] and material science [13] .…”