Natural dyes extracted from Inthanin bok leaves as light-harvesting units for dye-sensitized solar cells

Recent Progress, Advancements, and Efficiency Improvement Techniques of Natural Plant Pigment‐Based Photosensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

“…To solve problems found in both metal-based complex and metal-free organic dyes, researchers have focused on natural plant pigment-based photosensitizer [71]. As a result, metal-free dyes, such as natural dyes (natural pigments) from different plant sources such as fruits, roots, flowers, leaves, wood, algae, and bacterial pigments [72,73], coupled with their organic derivatives, have attracted considerable research interest, owing to their low-cost, simple synthesis procedure, abundance in nature, nontoxicity, and high molar absorption coefficient [35,74] It is important to note that the stable natural plant pigments extracted by effective solvents can absorb a broad range of visible light [79,80], because the two most significant drawbacks of DSSCs are their narrow spectral response and short-term stability. Therefore, in this review work, different natural plant pigments are extracted from different plant parts such as leaves, roots, steam, parks, peel waste, flowers, various spices, and a mixture of them with various solvents, and their stability and various experimental factors are effectively discussed.…”

“…The advantages of mesoporous holes in TiO 2 are that they provide the surface of a large hole for the higher adsorption of dye molecules and facilitate the penetration of electrolyte within their pores. Absorbing light in an extended range of wavelengths by innovative natural dyes followed by increasing surface areas of the photoanode with a TiO 2 nanostructure-based layer on the glass substrate improves DSSC technology [74]. Khammee et al [89] have reported a natural pigment photosensitizer extracted from Dimocarpus longan leaves.…”

“…Optimization of the photoanode (TiO 2 nanostructure) is necessary for developing the high solar efficiency of DSSCs [74]. It is important that the thicker TiO 2 layers would also result in a dwindling transmittance and reduce the pigment dyes' absorption of light intensity.…”

Investigation of tropical plant‐based natural dyes combination and adsorption optimization for natural dye‐sensitized solar cell

“…20 Natural dyes from plants are one of the most popular areas to investigate environmentally friendly dyes, but the efficiency is still low. 21,22 Natural dyes extracted from plant leaves, 23,24 flowers, 25,26 fruits, 27,28 stem, 29 and roots, 30 and the efficiency differs from less than 0.1%-1.5% 11,22 using regular TiO 2 based nanomaterials. The pigments such as anthocyanin, 11 betalain, 31 and Chlorophyll 32 were considered as the active compounds for the sensitizer in different plant extracts, however, even with similar compounds, different plant extracts have significantly different solar conversion efficiency, and a recent review summarized 14 different plants with anthocyanin with the efficiency range from 0.13% to 1.5% when TiO 2 and I À /I 3 À were applied.…”

Efficient conversion of night-blooming giant water lily into bioethanol and biogas

“…Concerns about the security of oil supplies are growing, as are concerned about the harmful impacts of fossil fuels on the environment, particularly in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. This has increased society's demand to develop more environmentally friendly energy sources (Bhuyar et al 2021;Khammee et al 2021a). Even though more integration is meant to be good for the environment, the data reveal that not all impact categories have seen these benefits and that the results depend on the allocation techniques, energy system, and assumptions utilized.…”