Natural Drugs as a Treatment Strategy for Cardiovascular Disease through the Regulation of Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the physiological imbalance between oxidative and antioxidative processes leading to increased oxidation, which then results in the inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils, increased protease secretion, and the production of a large number of oxidative intermediates. Oxidative stress is considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). At present, active components of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely used for the treatment of CVD, including coronary heart disease and hypertension. Since the discovery of artemisinin for the treatment of malaria by Nobel laureate Youyou Tu, the therapeutic effects of active components of CHM on various diseases have been widely investigated by the medical community. It has been found that various active CHM components can regulate oxidative stress and the circulatory system, including ginsenoside, astragaloside, and resveratrol. This paper reviews advances in the use of active CHM components that modulate oxidative stress, suggesting potential drugs for the treatment of various CVDs.

[Retracted] Puerarin Attenuates LPS‐Induced Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Stress Injury in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells through Mitochondrial Quality Control

“…Many natural products of plants can protect endothelial cells by regulating mitochondrial function and reducing endothelial cell vulnerability under stress [ 56 , 57 ]. Our study directly confirmed the protective mechanism of natural antioxidants on endothelial cells through MQC.…”

“…We also found that Pue could regulate the mitophagy of endothelial cells and maintain normal cell activity. Autophagy/mitophagy not only controls the homeostasis of blood vessels but also functions in mitochondria energy metabolism and the mitochondrial antioxidant system to maintain the basic physiological functions of mitochondria [56,57]. Further research 9 Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity is needed to determine the mechanistic interaction between autophagy/mitophagy and oxidative stress in the inflammatory state.…”

[Retracted] Tongyang Huoxue Decoction (TYHX) Ameliorating Hypoxia/Reoxygenation‐Induced Disequilibrium of Calcium Homeostasis and Redox Imbalance via Regulating Mitochondrial Quality Control in Sinoatrial Node Cells

“…Five compounds were identified by different extraction methods: ferulic acid, ginsenoside Rb1, astragaloside IV, diosgenin, and catalpol ( Figure 6 ). Studies have reported that the above five active ingredients from TYHX can play a good therapeutic effect in different types of cardiovascular diseases [ 20 , 23 ]. Moreover, it can protect many kinds of cells (including endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and sinoatrial node cells) under stress conditions [ 20 ].…”

Mitochondria-Targeted Drug Delivery in Cardiovascular Disease: A Long Road to Nano-Cardio Medicine

“…Therefore, strategies directed at a single target may be insufficient to ensure adequate protection [ 115 ]. Different natural bioactive compounds have thus far been described with pleiotropic beneficial effects on a plethora of CVD [ 116 ]. Among them, phenolic and terpenoid phytochemicals have been shown to protect the vascular and cardiac function against mitochondria-mediated pro-oxidant, pro-apoptotic, and pro-inflammatory injuries through the modulation of multiple cell signaling transduction pathways in different cell types [ 116 ].…”

“…Different natural bioactive compounds have thus far been described with pleiotropic beneficial effects on a plethora of CVD [ 116 ]. Among them, phenolic and terpenoid phytochemicals have been shown to protect the vascular and cardiac function against mitochondria-mediated pro-oxidant, pro-apoptotic, and pro-inflammatory injuries through the modulation of multiple cell signaling transduction pathways in different cell types [ 116 ]. Thanks to their multitargeted effects and good tolerability, natural molecules are promising candidates to counteract the development of multifaceted disorders such as CVD ( Figure 5 ).…”