Natural Distribution and Abundance of Elements

Garrett, Robert G.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4375-5_3

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This could indicate that Hg, a chalcophilic element showing low affinity with carbonates (Garrett, 2005), probably has not interfered with the processes of crystallization of the tests responsible of the morphological abnormalities, as conversely reported for other elements like Cu and Zn (Sharifi et al, 1991;Geslin et al, 2000).…”

Section: Test Abnormalities and Environmental/anthropogenic Relationsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Distribution and morphological abnormalities of recent foraminifera in the Marano and Grado Lagoon (North Adriatic Sea, Italy)

Melis¹,

Covelli²

2013

Medit. Mar. Sci.

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The Marano and Grado Lagoon, is a northern Adriatic wetland system of relevant naturalistic and economic value that is constantly under quality control in accordance with the current environmental directives. The benthic foraminifer community with its morphological abnormalities was investigated in the recent sediments (about 10 years old) of 21 stations; the samples were collected within the framework of the "MIRACLE" Project, which aimed at testing the coexistence of clam farming with high Hg contamination. Euryhaline foraminifers, well known in Mediterranean brackish-waters, mainly characterize the total assemblage. Ammonia tepida dominates in areas characterized by low salinity, high clay and organic carbon content, but is also subjected to anthropogenic pressure. Elphidium gunteri and Haynesina germanica are recorded in the western sector of the lagoon, which is more affected by salinity variations and agricultural activities. Slightly higher values of assemblage diversity appear in less restricted areas of the lagoon or, at least, where physical parameters such as temperature and salinity are less variable. The test abnormalities, carried out on total assemblage, show that the FAI (Foraminiferal Abnormality Index) values always exceed 1% of the total assemblage, with clear decreasing gradients from inland to the sea (from N to S) and from W to E in the studied area.

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Section: Test Abnormalities and Environmental/anthropogenic Relationsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Distribution and morphological abnormalities of recent foraminifera in the Marano and Grado Lagoon (North Adriatic Sea, Italy)

Melis¹,

Covelli²

2013

Medit. Mar. Sci.

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“…7). Evidence of recent independent uptake and use of the data includes works of Cohen et al (2012), Garrett (2013), and Bui et al (2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A continental-scale geochemical atlas for resource exploration and environmental management: the National Geochemical Survey of Australia

Caritat

Cooper

2015

GEEA

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Abstract:The National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) was carried out to bridge a vast knowledge gap about the concentration and distribution of chemical elements at the Earth's surface in Australia and consequent poor understanding of processes controlling their distribution here. The aim of the project was to contribute to improving exploration for energy and mineral resources through the pre-competitive delivery of a new spatial layer of compositional data and information.Surface (0-10 cm depth) and shallow (c. 60-80 cm) samples of catchment outlet sediments were collected from 1315 sites located near the outlet of 1186 catchments (c. 10% of which were sampled in duplicate) from across Australia. The total area covered by the survey was 6.174 million km 2 , or c. 81% of Australia, at an average sampling density of 1 site per c. 5200 km 2 . A number of field parameters (e.g. soil colour, pH), bulk parameters (e.g. electrical conductivity, particle size distribution) and geochemical parameters (i.e. multi-element composition of dry sieved <2 mm and <75 μm grain-size fractions) were determined. The grain-size fractions were analysed to determine (1) total, (2) aqua regia soluble, and (3) Mobile Metal Ion (MMI®) extractable element contents.These data were collated into a spreadsheet and graphically represented as a series of 529 geochemical maps (http://www. ga.gov.au/ngsa). These constitute the first continental-scale series of geochemical maps for Australia based on internally consistent, state-of-the-art data pertaining to the same sampling medium collected, prepared and analysed in a uniform and thoroughly documented manner and over a short time period. They are being used to better understand the accumulation, mobility and significance of chemical elements in the near-surface environment. Applications to date and ongoing and future directions are discussed.Supplementary material: Appendices 1-4 of summary statistics are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18853

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“…As these processes proceed, Se is returned to soils, sediments and waters and is incorporated into various marine and terrestrial deposits that will be transformed to newly formed rocks (Garrett 2013). It is well documented that Se is found in virtually all materials on earth as reviewed by McNeal and Balistrieri (1989).…”

Section: Selenium Biogeochemistry and Bioavailability To Plantsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The biogeochemical cycle of Se is the sum of the biotic and abiotic processes that move this element from rocks to sediments, soils and waters where it is incorporated into plants and animals and become parts of food chains (Garrett 2013). As these processes proceed, Se is returned to soils, sediments and waters and is incorporated into various marine and terrestrial deposits that will be transformed to newly formed rocks (Garrett 2013).…”

Section: Selenium Biogeochemistry and Bioavailability To Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium in soils under climate change, implication for human health

et al. 2014

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Global climate changes can alter the suitable geographical range of different crops, leading to possible changes in cropping pattern and its extent in some regions. For example, temperature changes can interact very closely with changes in availability of water and soil nutrients, and crop growth cycle. The consequences of the biophysical impacts of climate changes will be influenced by the human responses to these impacts. There is a strong link between soils and human health, and these soils per se are controlled by climate changes. The human health is very close to both selenium (Se) element and climate changes. It is estimated that about 37-40 % of the total Se emissions to the atmosphere are due to the anthropogenic activities.Those anthropogenic activities, which are sources of Se, include coal and oil combustion, mining activities, the utilization of rock phosphates as a fertilizer and the application of sewage sludge to agricultural land. It was thought that selenium was a toxicant for a long time due to inadequate analytical data. In the recent past, Se has become very important in environmental biogeochemistry because of its influence on human health. Although Se is an essential nutrient for animals and humans, it is also toxic at high doses. Furthermore, the range between Se deficiency, lower than 40 lg day -1 , and toxicity, higher than 400 lg day -1 , is narrow. Selenium deficiency has been linked to several human diseases including multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, heart disease, immune system, cancer and reproductive disorders. On the other hand, Se toxicity can lead to hair and nail loss and disruption of the nervous and digestive systems in animals and humans. Despite the obvious connections between Se element and human health under climate changes, there has not been a great amount of research done in this area. So, more and more studies should be carried out to enhance and protect human health. Therefore, this article reviews the biological and economic dimensions of the effects of Se element on human health under climate changes.

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Natural Distribution and Abundance of Elements

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Distribution and morphological abnormalities of recent foraminifera in the Marano and Grado Lagoon (North Adriatic Sea, Italy)

Distribution and morphological abnormalities of recent foraminifera in the Marano and Grado Lagoon (North Adriatic Sea, Italy)

A continental-scale geochemical atlas for resource exploration and environmental management: the National Geochemical Survey of Australia

Selenium in soils under climate change, implication for human health

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