Natural disasters and indicators of social cohesion

Calo-Blanco, Aitor; Kovářík, Jaromír; Mengel, Friederike; Romero, José Gabriel

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176885

Cited by 113 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Other emerging evidence exploring the effects of post-election violence (Becchetti, Conzo, and Romeo 2014), and earthquake and tsunami damage (Caló-Blanco, et al 2015;Cassar, Healy, and Von Kessler 2011;Rao et al 2011) also mimics the main finding of this paper, namely that survival threats tend to enhance local cooperation. We expect that work in these areas will yield new insights about what psychological, economic and social mechanisms could lead those who experience violence to shift to more cooperative behavior.…”

supporting

confidence: 80%

Can War Foster Cooperation?

Bauer¹,

Blattman²,

Chytilová³

et al. 2016

108

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes.You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. licence. www.econstor.eu If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E Christopher BlattmanColumbia University, NBER and IZA Julie Chytilová Charles University in Prague and CERGE-EI Joseph HenrichHarvard University and CIFAR Edward MiguelUniversity of California, Berkeley and NBER The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Tamar MittsColumbiaIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. In this article, we discuss and synthesize a rapidly growing body of research from which a new stylized fact has emerged: people exposed to war violence tend to behave more cooperatively after war. We show the range of cases where this holds true, and persists, even many years after war. We can do so because of a wealth of new data. Until recently, a paucity of individuallevel data from conflict and post-conflict societies prevented researchers from systematically exploring the legacies of war on social and political behavior. In the last decade, however, interdisciplinary teams of researchers -mainly in economics, anthropology, political science, and psychology -have begun to design research projects specifically to understand how exposure to war violence a...

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supporting

confidence: 80%

Can War Foster Cooperation?

Bauer¹,

Blattman²,

Chytilová³

et al. 2016

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unlike violence initiated by humans, natural disasters may leave community trust intact or bolster cooperation. In some settings, natural disasters are associated with reductions in violent crime [29][30][31], increases in family functioning [32,33], and prosocial behavior in communities and families [34][35][36]. One such study on communities affected by Hurricane Andrew found that one-third of respondents reported less stress with their neighbors than before the disaster, and 90% felt that the sense of sharing had been high in the neighborhood immediately after the hurricane and one year later [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence against children and natural disasters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative evidence

Cerna-Turoff¹,

H²,

Mayhew³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Objectives: Reviews of violence against children in disaster settings focus on armed conflict. Little is understood about natural disasters which has implications in planning humanitarian response. We examined the magnitude and direction of the association between exposure to natural disasters and physical, emotional, and sexual violence against children, and assessed the quality of the evidence. Methods: We searched 15 health and social science databases from first record until May 16, 2018. Publications describing all types of quantitative study design were eligible for inclusion. We presented study characteristics and quality in a narrative form and generated pooled estimates using a three-level random effects model. We evaluated Cochrane’s Q with p-values below 0.10 and radial plots to assess heterogeneity. Planned subgroup analyses explored differential results by violence form, study design, and analysis method.Results: 11 publications met inclusion criteria. The majority were cross-sectional studies examining physical or sexual violence in the United States. We found no evidence of a consistent association or directional influence between natural disasters and violence against children. Pooled estimates for combined outcomes had substantial heterogeneity [categorical outcomes: Q (df = 44) = 205.43, p < 0.001 and continuous outcomes: Q (df = 4) = 68.63, p < 0.001]. Subgroups without evidence of heterogeneity had confidence intervals that included a possible null effect. Our findings were mainly limited by inconsistencies in operational definitions of violence, a lack of representative sampling, and unclear establishment of temporal order between natural disaster exposure and violence outcomes. Conclusions: Based on the available evidence, we cannot confidently conclude that natural disasters increase the level or severity of violence against children above non-disaster settings, however heterogeneity and study quality hamper our ability to draw firm conclusions. More nuanced and rigorous research is needed to inform practice and policy as natural disasters increasingly affect human populations.

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“…Thus, it is important to examine the factors that influence levels of social trust and conflicts in communities facing hardships after a natural disaster. Although it is hard to quantify the effects of natural disasters on levels of social trust and conflict separately, we can observe the net effects of natural disasters on social trust [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Natural Disasters on Social Trust: Evidence from South Korea

Kang

Skidmore

2018

Sustainability

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In this paper, we examine whether disasters affect social trust levels using South Korean panel data from 2014–2016. We also investigate whether the effects of disasters on social trust differ depending on the type of disaster. We consider four types of disasters: typhoons, heavy rain, heavy snow and strong winds and waves. Our findings show that although all of these disasters influence the level of generalized social trust, each type has separate impacts. In our findings, there is a statistically significant positive relationship between cumulative damage costs per capita and social trust levels for heavy rain, heavy snow and strong winds and waves but we find the opposite result for typhoons. In the disaster recovery process, it is possible for social trust to be strengthened and weakened at the same time. Social trust can develop when victims such as neighbors and firefighters interact with others. Conversely, when a local government responds slowly to a disaster, dissatisfaction and discontent toward it can increase and this could weaken social trust. Moreover, disaster-affected individuals may be more competitive over limited resources, resulting in conflicts among them. Thus, we argue that the net effects of disasters on social trust levels can differ based on the speed of government responses to disasters and on active support for the victims from people such as neighbors.

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Natural disasters and indicators of social cohesion

Cited by 113 publications

References 39 publications

Can War Foster Cooperation?

Can War Foster Cooperation?

Violence against children and natural disasters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative evidence

The Effects of Natural Disasters on Social Trust: Evidence from South Korea

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