Natural colorants from filamentous fungi

Abstract

In the last years, there is a trend towards the replacement of synthetic colorants by natural ones, mainly due to the increase of consumer demand for natural products. The natural colorants are used to enhance the appearance of pharmaceutical products, food, and different materials, making them preferable or attractive. This review intends to provide and describe a comprehensive overview of the history of colorants, from prehistory to modern time, of their market and their applications, as well as of the most important aspects of the fermentation process to obtain natural colorants. Focus is given to colorants produced by filamentous fungal species, aiming to demonstrate the importance of these microorganisms and biocompounds, highlighting the production performance to get high yields and the aspects of conclusion that should be taken into consideration in future studies about natural colorants.

Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of talaromyces amestolkiae from amazon: A producer of natural colorants

“…Among the advantages cited for natural colorants may be listed stability, large-scale production, high growth rate and their biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. 58 So, besides the cytotoxic assay, a study to determine the MIC against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus was also performed (Table 4). These microorganisms were chosen because they are representatives of bacteria contaminants of food.…”

Does the second messenger cAMP have a more complex role in controlling filamentous fungal morphology and metabolite production?

“…For the first time, our group has recently manipulated N. intermedia to grow as mycelial pellets (Nair, Lennartsson, & Taherzadeh, ), thereby enabling it to adopt diverse morphologies when cultivated in submerged cultures, such as the uniform and long filaments or entangled filaments in pellets or clumps. Filamentous fungal morphology has been reported to greatly influence the secretion of several metabolites and products (Choudhari, Ananthanarayan, & Singhal, ; Torres et al., ). A high fungal concentration with entangled mycelia or filaments results in a highly viscous suspension with non‐Newtonian properties, which reduces the homogeneity of nutrition, temperature, oxygen, and other parameters.…”

“…Growth in the form of dense pellets generates a less viscous medium with Newtonian properties, but the internal mass transfer rate is limited by pellet size and compactness. These changes in gas–liquid mass transfer can thus affect the formation and secretion of products or metabolites (Torres et al., ).…”

Spectrophotometric detection of Pigments from Aspergillus and Penicillium isolates

“…The microbial pigments are of great interest owing to the stability of the pigments produced and the availability of cultivation technology [1]. Pigments [5,6,7]. Significant metabolites of fungal origin are important commercially.…”