Natural case of salpingitis apparently caused by<i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i>in chickens

Nunoya, Tetsuo; Kanai, Kazuaki; Yagihashi, T; Hoshi, Seiko; Shibuya, Kazumoto; Tajima, Masanori

doi:10.1080/03079459708419221

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The clinical signs associated with M. gallisepticum infection in chickens include respiratory rales, nasal discharge, coughing, and occasionally conjunctivitis (20). The most prominent pathological findings include inflammatory lesions in the trachea, air sacs, lungs, conjunctiva, and other tissues such as the oviduct (25). Significant economic losses from M. gallisepticum infection in poultry occur due to reduced egg production and hatchability, as well as downgrading of carcasses (20).…”

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Correlates of Immune Protection in Chickens Vaccinated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain GT5 following Challenge with Pathogenic M. gallisepticum Strain R _low

et al. 2005

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Colonization of the avian respiratory tract with Mycoplasma gallisepticum results in a profound inflammatory response in the trachea, air sacs, conjunctiva, and lungs. A live attenuated M. gallisepticum vaccine strain, GT5, was previously shown to be protective in chickens upon challenge; however, the mechanisms by which this vaccine and others confer protection remain largely unknown. The current study evaluated several potential correlates of GT5 vaccine-mediated immune protection following challenge with the pathogenic M. gallisepticum strain R low . GT5-vaccinated chickens developed mild tracheal lesions, consisting of few and scattered, discrete, lymphofollicular aggregates in the lamina propria. In addition, low numbers of aggregated B, CD4؉ , and CD8 Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a highly infectious respiratory pathogen affecting poultry. When present in concert with other respiratory pathogens such as infectious bronchitis virus, Newcastle disease virus, Escherichia coli, or Haemophilus paragallinarum, a condition known as chronic respiratory disease results. The clinical signs associated with M. gallisepticum infection in chickens include respiratory rales, nasal discharge, coughing, and occasionally conjunctivitis (20). The most prominent pathological findings include inflammatory lesions in the trachea, air sacs, lungs, conjunctiva, and other tissues such as the oviduct (25). Significant economic losses from M. gallisepticum infection in poultry occur due to reduced egg production and hatchability, as well as downgrading of carcasses (20). Mycoplasma gallisepticum transmission can occur both horizontally through aerosols and vertically through the egg, leading to a rapid spread within the flock. Control programs for M. gallisepticum infection are based on maintaining a commercial breeding stock that is M. gallisepticum free and rearing them in single-aged, all-in/all-out farms. However, in multiple-age production complexes, administration of suitable antibiotic medication is practiced to reduce production losses and egg transmission (18). Eradication by means of vaccination is also one of the preferred methods of control under such circumstances.Previously, bacterins and live vaccines have been commercially used for the control of M. gallisepticum infection in chickens (35). Killed whole-cell M. gallisepticum bacterins reduced the severity of lesions and egg production losses but did not completely prevent M. gallisepticum colonization of the chicken respiratory tract upon challenge (14, 37). At the same time, bacterins fail to provide complete protection against heterologous exposure. Over the past decade, the use of bacterins has been supplanted by more effective live attenuated vaccines. Three live attenuated vaccines (ts-11, 6/85, and F-strain) have been commercialized and have shown a high degree of efficacy in controlling the dissemination of disease (1,6,15,35). Little is known regarding the genetic basis of attenuation in these strains, as well as the immune mechanisms by which protection is con...

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Correlates of Immune Protection in Chickens Vaccinated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain GT5 following Challenge with Pathogenic M. gallisepticum Strain R _low

et al. 2005

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“…While the respiratory tract is the primary site of M. gallisepticum colonization, disease can spread systemically, creating multiple infection loci. Thus, polyarthritis (Lamas da Silva & Adler, 1969), salpingitis (Domermuth et al, 1967;Nunoya et al, 1997) et al, 2000). In vivo studies using R low have shown that this strain is able to induce air sac lesions and disseminate from the respiratory tract to secondary infection sites.…”

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The Mycoplasma gallisepticum OsmC-like protein MG1142 resides on the cell surface and binds heparin

et al. 2007

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Mycoplasma gallisepticum is an avian pathogen that causes a chronic respiratory disease of chickens and results in significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Colonization of the host and the establishment of chronic disease are initiated by the cytadherence of M. gallisepticum to the host respiratory epithelium. While several proteins involved in cytadhesion have been characterized, molecules that interact with components of the host extracellular matrix, a process that is central to pathogenesis, are only now being identified. In this study, M. gallisepticum whole cells were shown to bind heparin in a specific and saturable manner. Heparin also significantly inhibited the binding of M. gallisepticum to the human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5, suggesting a potential role for glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in cytadherence. M. gallisepticum protein MG1142 (encoded by mga_1142), which displays homology to the osmotically induced (OsmC) family of proteins, binds strongly to heparin, is highly expressed during in vitro culture, and is surface accessible. Recombinant MG1142 bound heparin in a dose-dependent and saturable manner with a dissociation constant (K d ) of 10±1.8 nM, which is within a physiologically significant range, compared to that of other heparin-binding proteins. Binding to heparin was inhibited by the heavily sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan, but not by mucin or chondroitin sulfate A or B, suggesting that electrostatic interactions between the sulfate groups of heparin and the positively charged basic residues of the MG1142 protein are important in binding. The ability of M. gallisepticum to bind GAGs may contribute to host adherence and colonization. INTRODUCTIONMycoplasma gallisepticum is a widespread avian pathogen that is associated with a chronic respiratory disease in chickens, and is the primary agent of infectious sinusitis in turkeys (Jordan, 1979). M. gallisepticum cells adhere to and colonize the host respiratory epithelium, establish chronic infections, and leave the host vulnerable to secondary assaults. In chickens, M. gallisepticum infections are characterized by tracheitis and air sacculitis, and in the presence of concurrent bacterial or viral infections, they can result in high morbidity and mortality (Jordan, 1979). M. gallisepticum infections are communicable via aerosols, allowing the organism to spread rapidly through commercial flocks, while transovarial transmission can result in decreased egg production (Ley & Yoder, 1997). Antimicrobial therapies are of limited use in controlling outbreaks of this disease, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains can render some of these ineffective (Gautier-Bouchardon et al., 2002). Economic losses to the poultry industry are significant (Levisohn & Kleven, 2000).M. gallisepticum pathogenesis is a complex, multifactorial process. While the respiratory tract is the primary site of M. gallisepticum colonization, disease can spread systemically, creating multiple infection loci. Thus, polyarthritis (Lamas da Silva & Adler, ...

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“…Egg production typically declines with initial infection, then recovers and is maintained at a lowered level (Mohammed et al, 1987). Ovarian regression with follicular atresia has been described (Nunoya et al, 1997) and the prevalence of ovarian regression has been shown to be useful indicator of the ability of MG vaccines to protect against egg production drops (Ferguson-Noel et al, 2012a).…”

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confidence: 99%

The efficacy ofMycoplasma gallisepticumK-strain live vaccine in broiler and layer chickens

Ferguson‐Noel

Williams

2015

Avian Pathology

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Natural case of salpingitis apparently caused byMycoplasma gallisepticumin chickens

Cited by 48 publications

References 13 publications

Correlates of Immune Protection in Chickens Vaccinated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain GT5 following Challenge with Pathogenic M. gallisepticum Strain R _low

Correlates of Immune Protection in Chickens Vaccinated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain GT5 following Challenge with Pathogenic M. gallisepticum Strain R _low

The Mycoplasma gallisepticum OsmC-like protein MG1142 resides on the cell surface and binds heparin

The efficacy ofMycoplasma gallisepticumK-strain live vaccine in broiler and layer chickens

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Natural case of salpingitis apparently caused byMycoplasma gallisepticumin chickens

Cited by 48 publications

References 13 publications

Correlates of Immune Protection in Chickens Vaccinated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain GT5 following Challenge with Pathogenic M. gallisepticum Strain R low

Correlates of Immune Protection in Chickens Vaccinated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain GT5 following Challenge with Pathogenic M. gallisepticum Strain R low

The Mycoplasma gallisepticum OsmC-like protein MG1142 resides on the cell surface and binds heparin

The efficacy ofMycoplasma gallisepticumK-strain live vaccine in broiler and layer chickens

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Correlates of Immune Protection in Chickens Vaccinated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain GT5 following Challenge with Pathogenic M. gallisepticum Strain R _low

Correlates of Immune Protection in Chickens Vaccinated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain GT5 following Challenge with Pathogenic M. gallisepticum Strain R _low