Natural Breeding Sites for Some Wild Species of Drosophila in the Eastern United States

Carson, Hampton L.; Stalker, Harrison D.

doi:10.2307/1930422

Cited by 67 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…tripunctata is a common woodland species of eastern North America that breeds in fruits and mushrooms in nature (21). Previous studies have demonstrated genetic variation for settling behavior in response to different breeding sites (22) and for oviposition-site preference once in proximity to them (23 …”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic complexity of host-selection behavior in Drosophila

Jaenike

1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Genetic variation for settling responses to different types offood and for oviposition behavior exists within natural populations of Drosophila tripunctata. After flies from two isofemale strains and F2 derived from crosses between them were released in the wild and recaptured at either mushroom or tomato baits, the oviposition preferences of females for these foods were determined in the laboratory. Whereas settling behavior and oviposition-site preference were negatively correlated in the parental strains, there was no association of these behaviors in the F2 generation. Furthermore, lines produced by crossing these two strains followed by inbreeding did not manifest such a negative correlation. Together, these results indicate that two important aspects of host selection are under independent genetic control. These findings caution against using a single component of the process of host selection as indicative of the probability that a particular resource will be utilized in the field, and they bear on the question of how speciation based on genetic variation for host selection may be accomplished.Speciation is of central importance in the evolution of biological diversity, and it has, therefore, been a major focus of attention since the time of Darwin (1). However, no consensus of opinion on how new species arise has emerged; thus, recent reviews concerned with the relation between population structure and speciation have promoted radically different hypotheses (2-5). One reason for the wavering direction of speciation theory is the virtual absence of information on the nature ofintraspecific genetic variation for the types of structures, behaviors, and physiologies that would seem to be important in the development of reproductive isolation. A notable and promising exception is the work of Carson and his associates on the mode of inheritance of tibial bristles that characterize males of some populations of Drosophila silvestris and that are thought to be used during courtship (6-8).In many groups of insects, speciation is commonly accompanied by, and may, in fact, be a consequence of, shifts to new larval feeding resources (hosts) (9-13). The traits that bring about such host shifts are believed to be those governing host selection by adults, larval development on alternative resources, and mate preference (13,14). If the host also serves as a rendezvous for mating, as it does for many species (13), then the probability of mating with an individual of a particular genotype will be a pleiotropic consequence of host selection. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that evolutionary shifts to new hosts may be due more to behavioral than to physiological changes (11). Thus, evolutionary changes in host selection may play a major role in speciation in insects (15). However, essentially nothing is known of the genetics of this process in any insects.All theoretical models of host-related speciation are based on the assumption that, within species of insects, potential hosts are ranked by an individual alo...

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confidence: 99%

Genetic complexity of host-selection behavior in Drosophila

Jaenike

1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…There is no evidence for sexual isolation between populations of D. robusta (Arbuckle and Etges, unpublished data) so low frequencies of hybrids and the rapid declines in chromosome frequencies after perturbation were more likely due to low hybrid fitness or perhaps nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibilities between the released and resident flies. In retrospect, the limited success of these introgression experiments likely includes; (1) the effects of lab rearing on release flies, (2) the unknown number of natural breeding sites (Carson and Stalker 1951), (3) the effects of releasing large numbers of adults on local population densities, and (4) the limited number of possible hybrid generations per growing season due to the long preadult and adult life spans of D. robusta (Etges 1989). In order to insure higher initial introduced chromosomal frequencies so that post-perturbation dynamics can be more carefully assessed, these manipulations should be repeated with flies derived from the population at the release point over longer time periods given the long generation times of this species, perhaps in more southerly populations where the growing season is longer.…”

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Rapid response to perturbation of chromosome frequencies in natural populations of Drosophila robusta

Levitan

Etges

2009

Genetica

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Perturbation of gene or chromosome frequencies in natural populations is one of the most powerful ways of demonstrating whether natural selection maintains genetic polymorphism or if other evolutionary forces are at work. Gene arrangement frequencies in two natural populations of Drosophila robusta were perturbed multiple times by releasing adult flies with contrasting karyotypes and carefully monitoring post-perturbation presence of hybrids and chromosome frequencies. In all cases, frequencies quickly returned to pre-perturbation levels, and in the following sampling periods, no evidence of the introduced chromosomes was apparent. Analysis of post-perturbation frequency changes included tests for heterogeneity among chromosome arrangements in rates of return to equilibrium values using population admixture analysis. In several cases, significant heterogeneity was detected indicating some form of natural selection was operating. Technical challenges to carrying out perturbation experiments in the wild are also discussed.

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“…The first species to colonize rotting fruit is D. simulans, which approaches fruit when few volatiles have been produced by fermentation, followed by D. melanogaster and D. immigrans, and then by the other species Drosophila hydei and Drosophila busckii [40,41]. Beside fermenting fruit, other parts of plants and maturation stages are attractive for certain Drosophila species and reflect different olfactory responses [36]: D. virilis [42] and D. pseudoobscura [43] are attracted by the tree sap, D. obscura and D. subobscura feed on leaves within the canopy [44,45], D. mojavensis is specialized on photosynthetic tissue of fermenting cactus [26], D. suzukii has evolved a segmented ovipositor that allows to cut the skin of small fruits and preferentially oviposits on ripening fruit [46]. Keesey et al [17] have compared three Drosophila species, finding that while D. suzukii, that oviposits on fresh fruit, responded to the leaf compound β-cyclocitral both at the electrophysiological (responses of the olfactory sensory neuron ab3A) and behavioral level (trap assays), D. melanogaster and D. biarmipes, that do not oviposit on fresh ripe fruit, did not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and behavioral responses in Drosophila melanogaster to odorants present at different plant maturation stages

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Eriksson

Rocchi

et al. 2016

Physiology & Behavior

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The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster feeds and oviposits on fermented fruit, hence its physiological and behavioral responses are expected to be tuned to odorants abundant during later stages of fruit maturation. We used a population of about two-hundred isogenic lines of D. melanogaster to assay physiological responses (electroantennograms (EAG)) and behavioral correlates (preferences and choice ratio) to odorants found at different stages of fruit maturation. We quantified electrophysiological and behavioral responses of D. melanogaster for the leaf compound β-cyclocitral, as well as responses to odorants mainly associated with later fruit maturation stages. Electrophysiological and behavioral responses were modulated by the odorant dose. For the leaf compound we observed a steep dose-response curve in both EAG and behavioral data and shallower curves for odorants associated with later stages of maturation. Our data show the connection between sensory and behavioral responses and are consistent with the specialization of D. melanogaster on fermented fruit and avoidance of high doses of compounds associated with earlier stages of maturation. Odor preferences were modulated in a non-additive way when flies were presented with two alternative odorants, and combinations of odorants elicited higher responses than single compounds.

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Natural Breeding Sites for Some Wild Species of Drosophila in the Eastern United States

Cited by 67 publications

References 3 publications

Genetic complexity of host-selection behavior in Drosophila

Genetic complexity of host-selection behavior in Drosophila

Rapid response to perturbation of chromosome frequencies in natural populations of Drosophila robusta

Physiological and behavioral responses in Drosophila melanogaster to odorants present at different plant maturation stages

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