Natural binders and solid bridge type binding mechanisms in briquettes and pellets made from corn stover and switchgrass

Kaliyan, Nalladurai; Morey, R. Vance

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.064

Cited by 394 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Adicionalmente, nas partículas que estão próximas, há ligações fracas por meio de forças de van der Waals e forças eletrostáticas, que promovem sua união (STELTE et al, 2012). Devido às altas temperaturas alcançadas durante a peletização, em torno de 100 ºC, a lignina é plasticizada e funciona como agente de ligação entre as partículas MOREY, 2010;CARROLL;FINNAN, 2012). Segundo Narra et al (2010), a lignina forma uma fina camada sobre as partículas, o que contribui para melhorar a ligação entre elas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Com o aumento da temperatura, a energia das moléculas de lignina aumenta, ligações intermoleculares são enfraquecidas e ocorrem rotações em torno das ligações covalentes, o que torna a lignina flexível, passando do estado vítreo para plástico MOREY, 2010;STELTE et al, 2011b). A temperatura em que este fenômeno ocorre denomina-se temperatura de transição vítrea e depende da composição da lignina e da presença de um agente plasticizante, como a água, e varia de 50 a 100 ºC (STELTE et al, 2011b).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Influência Da Adição De Lignina Kraft Nas Propriedades De Pellets De Eucalipto

Pereira

Carneiro

Carvalho

et al. 2016

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ResumoOs pellets vêm se tornando uma importante fonte renovável de energia para utilização industrial e doméstica. O mercado consumidor está cada vez mais exigente quanto à qualidade do produto e essa pode ser melhorada por meio da utilização de diferentes aditivos, como a lignina kraft. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade dos pellets de eucalipto produzidos com adição de diferentes percentagens de lignina kraft. A matéria-prima utilizada para produção de pellets foi madeira com casca de um clone de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla com aproximadamente cinco anos de idade, proveniente de plantio comercial, além de 10% de resíduos da colheita do eucalipto (ponteira, folhas e galhos). Excluindo-se a testemunha (0% de lignina), adicionou-se 1, 2, 3, e 5% de lignina kraft, em relação à massa seca da matéria-prima. Os pellets foram produzidos em uma peletizadora laboratorial com matriz circular horizontal. Foram avaliadas as seguintes propriedades dos pellets: teor de umidade, poder calorífico superior e útil, densidade a granel e aparente, densidade energética, teor de cinzas, comprimento e diâmetro, dureza, durabilidade mecânica e teor de finos. A adição de lignina kraft em pellets de eucalipto contribuiu para a melhoria das propriedades físicas e mecânicas, no que se diz respeito à densidade, durabilidade mecânica, geração de finos e dureza. A adição de lignina ocasionou a elevação dos teores de cinzas e da umidade dos pellets. Conclui-se que a adição de lignina para produção de pellets é viável, desde que sejam utilizadas ligninas com menores teores de cinzas e umidade. Palavras-chave: Durabilidade mecânica; aditivo; combustível sólido; cinzas. AbstractInfluence of adding kraft lignin in eucalyptus pellets properties. The pellets are becoming an important renewable source of energy for industrial and domestic use. The consumer market is increasingly demanding in terms of product quality and this may be improved through the use of various additives, such as kraft lignin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of eucalyptus pellets produced with the addition of different percentages of kraft lignin. The raw material used for production of pellets was wood with bark of an Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clone, with approximately five years of age, obtained from commercial planting, and 10% of waste of eucalyptus harvest (tops, leaves and branches). Excluding the control (0% lignin) was added 1, 2, 3, and 5% kraft lignin, relative to the dry mass of raw material. The pellets were produced in a laboratory pelletizer with a horizontal circular array. The following properties of the pellets were evaluated: moisture content, gross and net calorific value, unit density, bulk density, energy density, ash content, length and diameter, hardness, mechanical durability and fines content. The addition of kraft lignin contributed to improving the pellets physical and mechanical properties, as regards the density, mechanical durability, fines and hardness. The addition of lignin cau...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Influência Da Adição De Lignina Kraft Nas Propriedades De Pellets De Eucalipto

Pereira

Carneiro

Carvalho

et al. 2016

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“…This may be attributable to the high protein content of microalgae and biosolids (Table 2), which is known to improve binding in densified fuels [56,57]. Additionally, the use of biosolids and microalgae binders did not result in swelling during densification.…”

Section: Effects Of Briquetting Variables On Response Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of binders to loose biomass residue before densification has been studied as a way of addressing such drawbacks and reducing production costs [e.g., 30,31,57]. However, due to the negative effects of the use of some binders in both densification [30] and briquette combustion [61], it is necessary to develop more effective and sustainable binders for biomass briquetting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosolids and microalgae as alternative binders for biomass fuel briquetting

Muazu

Stegemann

2017

Fuel

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Binders can be employed to improve the particle adhesion, compressive strength, abrasion resistance and energy content of densified biomass, such as briquettes. They may also reduce the energy cost of producing such briquettes, by reducing the compaction pressure, conditioning temperature and the wear on production equipment.This study explored and compared the effects of three different binders, including starch, enhanced treated biosolids and microalgae, on density, durability, energy content and combustion characteristics of fuel briquettes produced from blends of rice husks, corn cobs and bagasse, in a multilevel factorial design experiment.Briquettes had relaxed unit densities of 1.9 to 3.3 times the loose biomass bulk density, and were stronger than briquettes from the individual materials, with an average unconfined compressive strength of 125 kPa. An unconfined compressive strength of 175 kPa was achieved for a 2:4:1 blend of rice husks, corn cobs and bagasse with the microalgae binder at a compaction pressure of 31 MPa. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the addition of biosolids and microalgae binders significantly improved briquette density, while the addition of starch reduced briquette density, and biosolids reduced briquette strength.Of all the briquettes produced with the three binders, those containing the microalgae binder were found to be most durable, with a higher energy value, slower mass loss during briquette combustion, and a higher afterglow time. Since microalgae may be grown using CO2 from biomass combustion, discovery of their advantages as a binder in briquetting is particularly welcome.

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“…Indeed, lignin and hemicelluloses in raw biomass are essentially thermoplastic polymers, which can build the bonding between particles from forming solid bridge by natural binders such as lignin and celluloses after their softening. 18,19) Increasing temperatures benefited the increase of interfacial area between adjacent particles resulting in larger adhesive strength, which can serve as the better explanation for the influences of temperature ( Fig. 1(a)).…”

Section: Influence Of Preformation On Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Influence of Preformation Process on Combustibility of Biochar and its Application in Iron Ore Sintering

Fan

Gan

et al. 2015

ISIJ Int.

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A study was carried out into the use of preformation process to prepare biochar for replacing coke breeze in iron ore sintering. Two types of preformation process, thermo-compression process (TCP) and normal temperature process (NTP), were adopted. Results show that preformation contributed to improving the density of both raw biomass and biochar. Recommended preformation parameters for TCP were 200°C, 1 min and 120 MPa respectively, while the recommended preformation pressure for NTP was 180 MPa. Compared with non-preformed biochar, the specific surface area and porosity of preformed biochar were considerably reduced. The inner structure of biochar was therefore compacted to close to that of coke breeze. These changes bridged the differences in terms of combustion properties between biochar and coke breeze. Laboratory-scale sintering tests showed that the proper replacement percentage of biochar to coke breeze was increased from 20% to 40% after preformation process, and the emission reduction of SOx and NOx were correspondingly increased from 18.37% and 15.88% to about 38.00% and 27.00% respectively.

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Natural binders and solid bridge type binding mechanisms in briquettes and pellets made from corn stover and switchgrass

Cited by 394 publications

References 18 publications

Influência Da Adição De Lignina Kraft Nas Propriedades De Pellets De Eucalipto

Influência Da Adição De Lignina Kraft Nas Propriedades De Pellets De Eucalipto

Biosolids and microalgae as alternative binders for biomass fuel briquetting

Influence of Preformation Process on Combustibility of Biochar and its Application in Iron Ore Sintering

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