Natural Autoantibodies: An Undersugn Hero of the Immune System and Autoimmune Disorders—A Point of View

Avraméas, Stratis; Alexopoulos, Harry; Moutsopoulos, H. M.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01320

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our results demonstrating that IgMs from the cord blood inhibit hemaggluti-nation indicate that self-reactive natural antibodies may mediate virus neutralization. Such antibodies have been shown to be polyreactive [40,41] and may cross-react with pathogen-encoded epitopes [42,43]. It is known that anti-phosphorylcholine natural antibodies play an important role in protection against streptococcal infections [44,45].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Both maternal and newborn IgMs inhibit influenza virus-induced hemagglutination in vitro

Pogribna¹,

Grom²,

Sokol³

et al. 2020

Ukr.Biochem.J

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Both maternal and newborn IgMs inhibit influenza virus-induced hemagglutination in vitro

Pogribna¹,

Grom²,

Sokol³

et al. 2020

Ukr.Biochem.J

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“…It is well known that a high proportion of polyreactive innate-like B cells, such as MZ B cells and B-1 B cells, are reactive with self-antigens. Improper control by immune tolerance mechanisms drives these B cell subsets to produce pathogenic autoantibodies ( 30 ). However, experiments with several mouse models of SjS, including NOD.H-2 h4 mice, indicate that the major pathological function of MZ and B1 B cells is not autoantibody production but T cell activation induced by antigen presentation to T cells and cytokine secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ly9 (CD229) Antibody Targeting Depletes Marginal Zone and Germinal Center B Cells in Lymphoid Tissues and Reduces Salivary Gland Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome

et al. 2018

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Sjögren's Syndrome (SjS) is a common chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the B cell hyperactivation, lymphocyte infiltration, and tissue damage of exocrine glands. It can also present life-threatening extraglandular manifestations, such as pulmonary and hepatic involvement, renal inflammation and marginal zone (MZ) B cell lymphoma. Several biologic agents have been tested in SjS but none has shown significant efficacy. Here, we report the effects of Ly9 (CD229) antibody targeting, a cell surface molecule that belongs to the SLAM family of immunomodulatory receptors, using NOD.H-2h4 mice as a model of SjS-like disease. Female mice were treated with anti-Ly9 antibody or isotype control at week 24, when all mice present SjS related autoantibodies, salivary gland infiltrates, and marginal zone (MZ) B cell pool enlargement. Antibody injection depleted key lymphocyte subsets involved in SjS pathology such as MZ, B1, and germinal center B cells in spleen and draining lymph nodes without inducing a general immunosuppression. Importantly, mice receiving anti-Ly9 mAb showed a reduced lymphocyte infiltrate within salivary glands. This reduction may be, in part, explained by the down-regulation of L-selectin and alfa4/beta7 integrin induced by the anti-Ly9 antibody. Furthermore, levels of anti-nuclear autoantibodies were reduced after anti-Ly9 treatment. These data indicate that Ly9 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of SjS.

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“…Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the abnormal recognition of self-components as foreign, inducing immune antigen-driven response against healthy cells and tissues [130]. These diseases are chronic and present with a wide range of symptoms.…”

Section: Autoimmune Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Autophagy in Archived Tissue or How to Capture Autophagic Flux from a Tissue Snapshot

Humbert

Morán

Cruz‐Ojeda

et al. 2020

Biology

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Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation mechanism that is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In human disease, autophagy pathways are frequently deregulated and there is immense interest in targeting autophagy for therapeutic approaches. Accordingly, there is a need to determine autophagic activity in human tissues, an endeavor that is hampered by the fact that autophagy is characterized by the flux of substrates whereas histology informs only about amounts and localization of substrates and regulators at a single timepoint. Despite this challenging task, considerable progress in establishing markers of autophagy has been made in recent years. The importance of establishing clear-cut autophagy markers that can be used for tissue analysis cannot be underestimated. In this review, we attempt to summarize known techniques to quantify autophagy in human tissue and their drawbacks. Furthermore, we provide some recommendations that should be taken into consideration to improve the reliability and the interpretation of autophagy biomarkers in human tissue samples.

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Natural Autoantibodies: An Undersugn Hero of the Immune System and Autoimmune Disorders—A Point of View

Cited by 42 publications

References 35 publications

Both maternal and newborn IgMs inhibit influenza virus-induced hemagglutination in vitro

Both maternal and newborn IgMs inhibit influenza virus-induced hemagglutination in vitro

Ly9 (CD229) Antibody Targeting Depletes Marginal Zone and Germinal Center B Cells in Lymphoid Tissues and Reduces Salivary Gland Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome

Assessing Autophagy in Archived Tissue or How to Capture Autophagic Flux from a Tissue Snapshot

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