Natural attenuation of diesel fuel in heavy clay soil

Berry, Karin A. T.; Burton, David L.

doi:10.4141/s95-061

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Anionic PAHs may then play a role in the evolution of interstellar clouds and have been observed in experiments designed to measure their spectra − Analytical chemistry and toxicological studies on PAHs have implicated them as comprising one of the largest classes of environmental carcinogens. , Analysis for PAHs is now routine, but improved methods would be desirable, and recent attempts at natural attenuation have led to renewed interest in methods for the analysis of PAHs in different soil types. Because PAHs often occur in complex matrixes, improved methods for more specific detection in the presence of other hydrocarbons and molecules would be useful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of Electron Affinities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Solvation Energies of Their Radical Anion

et al. 2006

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Electron affinities (EAs) and free energies for electron attachment (DeltaGo(a,298K)) have been directly calculated for 45 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and related molecules by a variety of theoretical methods, with standard regression errors of about 0.07 eV (mean unsigned error = 0.05 eV) at the B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) level and larger errors with HF or MP2 methods or using Koopmans' Theorem. Comparison of gas-phase free energies with solution-phase reduction potentials provides a measure of solvation energy differences between the radical anion and neutral PAH. A simple Born-charging model approximates the solvation effects on the radical anions, leading to a good correlation with experimental solvation energy differences. This is used to estimate unknown or questionable EAs from reduction potentials. Two independent methods are used to predict DeltaGo(a,298K) values: (1) based upon DFT methods, or (2) based upon reduction potentials and the Born model. They suggest reassignments or a resolution of conflicting experimental EAs for nearly one-half (17 of 38) of the PAH molecules for which experimental EAs have been reported. For the antiaromatic molecules, 1,3,5-tri-tert-butylpentalene and the dithia-substituted cyclobutadiene 1, the reduction potentials lead to estimated EAs close to those expected from DFT calculations and provide a basis for the prediction of the EAs and reduction potentials of pentalene and cyclobutadiene. The Born model has been used to relate the electrostatic solvation energies of PAH and hydrocarbon radical anions, and spherical halide anions, alkali metal cations, and ammonium ions to effective ionic radii from DFT electron-density envelopes. The Born model used for PAHs has been successfully extended here to quantitatively explain the solvation energy of the C60 radical anion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of Electron Affinities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Solvation Energies of Their Radical Anion

et al. 2006

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“…A decrease in the quantity of petroleum hydrocarbons is particularly evident shortly after an accident (Berry and Burton, 1997;Chaineau, 2003). Although such sites are immediately restored, the frequency of accidents and limitations in the restoration indicate the possibility of high petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in the oil field soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Oil residuals in lowland forest soil after pollution with crude oil

Pernar

Bakšić

Antonić

et al. 2006

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Research on oil residuals in lowland forest soil was carried out in 6 sample plots in the lowland forest ecosystem located in an oil field. Four plots were differently affected in terms of discharged oil and the time lapsed after the accident, as well as in terms of micro-relief terrain features. One plot was established in a reclaimed mud ditch site, while the control plot was set up in a micro-relief elevation outside the influence of oil pollution.Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations were measured at three soil depths at the beginning and the end of the vegetation period. The analysis of the results revealed significant differences in petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations among the sites. Increased TPH concentrations were recorded in several plots, while the values measured in some other plots indicated very low quantities of residual TPH in the soil. The highest average TPH concentrations (200-400 mg kg −1 ) were recorded in the mud ditch site. In one of the plots exposed to oil pollution after an oil pipe rupture, there was the constant presence of increased TPH concentration in the surface soil part (>200 mg kg −1 on average). The sporadic presence of increased TPH concentrations in micro-depressions that cannot be attributed to a local accident indicates seasonal soil pollution with petroleum carbohydrates from floodwater.The soil in the sample plots is not contaminated with soluble salts or heavy metals. Low values of TPH concentrations in the soil water eluate indicate that the soil does not represent a source of hydrospheric pollution with petrol hydrocarbons.

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Characteristics in oxidative degradation by ozone for saturated hydrocarbons in soil contaminated with diesel fuel

Kang

Bae

et al. 2007

Chemosphere

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Natural attenuation of diesel fuel in heavy clay soil

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Calculation of Electron Affinities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Solvation Energies of Their Radical Anion

Calculation of Electron Affinities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Solvation Energies of Their Radical Anion

Oil residuals in lowland forest soil after pollution with crude oil

Characteristics in oxidative degradation by ozone for saturated hydrocarbons in soil contaminated with diesel fuel

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