Natural aquatic insect carriers of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV)

Sudhakaran, R.; Haribabu, P.; Kumar, Shive; Sarathi, M.; Ahmed, V.P. Ishaq; Babu, V. Sarath; Venkatesan, C.; Hameed, A.S. Sahul

doi:10.3354/dao01886

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…XSV and MrNV have been detected in aquatic insects of several species that were collected from nursery ponds containing freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) infected with MrNV and XSV [89]. Both viruses could also replicate in mosquito cell lines, suggesting that aquatic insects serve as vectors for XSV and MrNV transfer [89]. Several XSV isolates from geographically remote locations, including the French West Indies, Thailand, Taiwan, China, and India, have been reported [10].…”

Section: Extra Small Virusmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, the exact relationship and the effect of XSV multiplication on that of MrNV remain obscure [10,107]. XSV and MrNV have been detected in aquatic insects of several species that were collected from nursery ponds containing freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) infected with MrNV and XSV [89]. Both viruses could also replicate in mosquito cell lines, suggesting that aquatic insects serve as vectors for XSV and MrNV transfer [89].…”

Section: Extra Small Virusmentioning

confidence: 97%

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A classification system for virophages and satellite viruses

2015

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Satellite viruses encode structural proteins required for the formation of infectious particles but depend on helper viruses for completing their replication cycles. Because of this unique property, satellite viruses that infect plants, arthropods, or mammals, as well as the more recently discovered satellite-like viruses that infect protists (virophages), have been grouped with other, so-called "sub-viral agents." For the most part, satellite viruses are therefore not classified. We argue that possession of a coat-protein-encoding gene and the ability to form virions are the defining features of a bona fide virus. Accordingly, all satellite viruses and virophages should be consistently classified within appropriate taxa. We propose to create four new genera - Albetovirus, Aumaivirus, Papanivirus, and Virtovirus - for positive-sense single-stranded (+) RNA satellite viruses that infect plants and the family Sarthroviridae, including the genus Macronovirus, for (+)RNA satellite viruses that infect arthopods. For double-stranded DNA virophages, we propose to establish the family Lavidaviridae, including two genera, Sputnikvirus and Mavirus.

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Section: Extra Small Virusmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Extra Small Virusmentioning

confidence: 97%

A classification system for virophages and satellite viruses

2015

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“…By contrast, Sudhakaran et al (2007) recently reported the successful propagation of Macrobrachium rosesnbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) in C6/36 cells by serial passaging of the culture supernatant. This is probably an exceptional case, since these viruses have also been shown to infect insects naturally (Sudhakaran et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 96%

Persistent Expression of Shrimp-virus Antigens in Two Insect Cell Lines Challenged with Two Shrimp Viruses

et al. 2009

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ABSTRACT-Experiments with crustacean viruses are hampered by lack of susceptible continuous cell lines. To overcome this problem, immortal mosquito and lepidopteran cell lines were both separately challenged with a shrimp DNA virus (white spot syndrome virus: WSSV, = PRDV) and RNA virus (yellow head virus: YHV) followed by serial, split-passage with immunohistochemical monitoring by confocal laser microscopy using labeled monoclonal antibodies to shrimp viral antigens. Stable, immortal cultures with 100% of the cells expressing shrimp-virus antigens were obtained, although the infected cells appeared grossly normal by phase contrast microscopy. Nor did they show any ultrastructural modifications characteristic of the challenge viruses. These persistently-expressing insect cell cultures were stable and could be continuously passaged, stored and revived as required. Since disparate viruses and insect cells were used, this appears to be a generic process that may be applicable to other shrimp viruses as well.

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“…Of particular importance for this list would be viral pathogens such as Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) that are causally related to white tail disease , Sahul Hameed et al 2004, Bonami et al 2005, Yoganandhan et al 2006) and result in severe mortality in hatcheries. These viruses may be transmitted vertically from naturally infected broodstock to larvae (Sudhakaran et al 2007) or via reservoir carriers that may include other shrimp (Sudhakaran et al 2006a,b) or even aquatic insects (Sudhakaran et al 2008). The only other virus reported from natural infections of M. rosenbergii is similar to the one known as hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV) in penaeid shrimp (Anderson et al 1990, Lightner et al 1994) based on histopathology (Bonami et al 1995, Lightner 1996.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parvo-like virus in the hepatopancreas of freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultivated in Thailand

Gangnonngiw¹,

Kiatpathomchai²,

Sriurairatana³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A survey of cultivated giant freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii from Thailand revealed the presence of unusual spherical to ovoid inclusions in nuclei of hepatopancreas tubule epithelial cells. These began as small eosinophilic inclusions that became more basophilic as they increased in size. They were present in both R-cells and E-cells but were largest and deeply basophilic only in the E-cells. Confocal laser microscopy revealed that stained nucleic acid fluorescence from the inclusions was lost by treatment with DNase I specific for double-and single-stranded DNA and also lost or reduced by treatment with mungbean nuclease specific for single-stranded nucleic acids. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the inclusions contained tightly packed, unenveloped, viral-like particles of approximately 25 to 30 nm diameter, resembling those produced by shrimp parvoviruses. However, PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical tests for shrimp parvoviruses previously reported from Thailand were all negative. These results suggested that the inclusions contained a parvo-like virus, not previously reported from M. rosenbergii in Thailand. KEY WORDS: Macrobrachium rosenbergii · Hepatopancreas · Parvo-like virus · Histopathology · Electron microscopy Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 85: [167][168][169][170][171][172][173] 2009 natural infections of M. rosenbergii is similar to the one known as hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV) in penaeid shrimp (Anderson et al. 1990, Lightner et al. 1994) based on histopathology (Bonami et al. 1995, Lightner 1996. A recent proposal to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (Tijssen 2008) recommends that these penaeid shrimp parvoviruses be included in a new genus, Hepanvirus, in the sub-family Densovirinae of the family Parvoviridae as Penaeus monodon densovirus (PmDNV), Penaeus merguiensis densovirus (PmergDNV) and Penaeus chinensis densovirus (PchinDNV). These differ in genome size and organization and target tissue from another penaeid shrimp parvovirus also included in the sub-family Densovirinae, but in the genus Brevidensovirus, as Penaeus stylirostris densovirus (PstDNV) (Tattersall et al. 2005). PstDNV was formerly called infectious hypodermal and hematopoeitic necrosis virus (IHHNV) (Lightner 1996). The newly recommended names (Tattersall et al. 2005, Tijssen 2008) will be used in this manuscript, as will the ICTV method of naming shrimp viruses with non-italicized host species names and abbreviations (Fauquet et al. 2005).For successful specific pathogen free (SPF) stock development, diagnostic methods would be required for all of the pathogens included in any specific list of pathogens for M. rosenbergii. For this species, highly sensitive RT-PCR methods are available for MrNV and XSV (Romestand & Bonami 2003, Sri Widada et al. 2003, Yoganandhan et al. 2005, Pillai et al. 2006. However, for other viral pathogens, such as the parvo-like virus described above, no molec...

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Natural aquatic insect carriers of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV)

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

A classification system for virophages and satellite viruses

A classification system for virophages and satellite viruses

Persistent Expression of Shrimp-virus Antigens in Two Insect Cell Lines Challenged with Two Shrimp Viruses

Parvo-like virus in the hepatopancreas of freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultivated in Thailand

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