Natural Antibacterial Reagents (Centella, Propolis, and Hinokitiol) Loaded into Poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] Composite Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Centella asiatica, propolis, and hinokitiol, as natural antibacterial reagents, were integrated into the poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] (PHBH) polymer to produce antibacterial wound dressings, using electrospinning process. The results showed that the fiber diameters and surface morphology of PHBH composite nanofibers were influenced by the addition of ethanol–centella (EC), methanol–centella (MC), ethanol–propolis (EP), and ethanol–hinokitiol (EH) at various ratios compared to pristine PHBH nanofibers. From FT-IR, the nanofibrous samples with higher contents of natural antibacterial substances showed the peaks of carboxylic acid, aromatic ring, and tropolone carbon ring from centella, propolis, and hinokitiol, respectively. Furthermore, the tensile strength of neat PHBH nanofibers was increased from 8.00 ± 0.71 MPa up to 16.35 ± 1.78 MPa by loading of propolis (EP) 7% into PHBH. X-ray analysis explained that the loading of propolis (EP) was also able to increase the crystallinity in PHBH composite nanofibers from 47.0% to 54.5%. The antibacterial results demonstrated that PHBH composite nanofibers containing natural antibacterial products were potent inhibitors against the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, amongst them hinokitiol and propolis proved to be the most effective. Additionally, the release studies displayed that centella and hinokitiol had faster release from PHBH composite nanofibers in comparison to propolis.

Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Double-layered Nanocomposites Membranes as a Carrier for Centella asiatica (L.)

“…mollis nanofibers' spectrum. However, the spectrum of raw CA confirms its characteristics peaks at 3322.12 cm −1 (O-H stretching vibration of carboxylic acid group), 1656.07 cm −1 (C-O stretching vibration), 1451.17 cm −1 (C-H in-plane bending vibration), 1375.48 cm −1 (C-N stretching vibration, aromatic amide), and 1024.98 cm −1 (C-O stretching) [49].…”

“…A similar effect was previously reported by Amina et al [ 48 ], who showed that the characteristic peaks of PU nanofibers overlapped with the bands of aqueous extract of Grewia mollis ( G. mollis ), leading to a higher intensity in the PU/ G. mollis nanofibers’ spectrum. However, the spectrum of raw CA confirms its characteristics peaks at 3322.12 cm −1 (O-H stretching vibration of carboxylic acid group), 1656.07 cm −1 (C-O stretching vibration), 1451.17 cm −1 (C-H in-plane bending vibration), 1375.48 cm −1 (C-N stretching vibration, aromatic amide), and 1024.98 cm −1 (C-O stretching) [ 49 ].…”

Biosynthesis of Random-Homo Block Copolymer Poly[Glycolate-ran-3-Hydroxybutyrate (3HB)]-b-Poly(3HB) Using Sequence-Regulating Chimeric Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthase in Escherichia coli

“…The primary structure of PHAs critically influences the physical properties of the material. For example, a random copolymerization of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) units with controlled composition is effective for regulating the crystallinity of the polymer so that the P(3HB- co -3HHx) copolymer possesses a flexible mechanical property that can be adjusted for various uses, such as a mono-material ( Wong et al, 2012 ), composite ( Rebia et al, 2019 ), or blend ( Ivorra-Martinez et al, 2020 ). Therefore, engineering the PHA structure is important for expanding its range of applications.…”

Effect of Chinese Propolis as an Intracanal Medicament on Post-Operative Endodontic Pain: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Placing intracanal medicaments is one of the most conservative methods for reducing the microbial load and incidence of interappointment pain. In vitro studies regarding the anti-microbial [16,27,28], anti-inflammatory [29,30], and biocompatibility [31] properties along with other benefits of propolis due to its antioxidant effects have shown immense potential [32]. However, the effect of propolis on post-instrumentation pain was unknown.…”