Natural Amino Acid Enables Scalable Fabrication of High‐Performance Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules with Areas over 300 cm²

Abstract

Upscaling large‐area formamidinium (FA)‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been considered as one of the most promising routes for the commercial applications of this rising photovoltaics technology. Here, a natural amino acid, phenylalanine (Phe), is introduced to regulate the nucleation and crystal growth process of the large‐scale coating of FA‐based perovskite films. Better film coverage and larger grain sizes are observed after adding Phe. Moreover, it is found that Phe can effectively passivate defects within perovskite films and suppress the nonradiative recombination due to the strong interaction with under‐coordinated Pb2+ ions in the perovskite films. Rigid PSCs based on the blade‐coated perovskite films containing Phe obtain a champion efficiency of 21.95%. The corresponding unencapsulated devices also exhibit excellent ambient stability, retaining 95% of their initial efficiencies after storage in the glovebox at 20 °C for 1000 h. Further, the strategy is applied to fabricate flexible PSCs and modules on polyethylene terephthalate/indium doped tin oxide substrates via slot‐die coating. Phe modified flexible devices achieve outstanding efficiencies of 20.21%, 12.1%, and 11.2% with aperture areas of 0.10, 185, and 333 cm2, respectively. The strategy here has paved a promising way for the large‐scale production of flexible PSCs.

Numerical Simulation on Preparing Uniform and Stable Perovskite Wet Film in Slot-Die Coating Process

“…Figure e,f shows that the dynamic contact angle (θ 1 ) is 45.48° and the surface tension (σ) is 25.007 mN/m between 0.8 M-FA x Cs 1– x PbI 3 and the substrate, respectively. According to the actual experiment in previous achievements, the coating gap ( H ) and the size of slit ( d ) are determined as 80 − and 50 μm, respectively . The detailed setting parameters and Carreau fitting results (η 0 , η ∞ , n , and λ) of 0.8 M-FA x Cs 1– x PbI 3 are listed in Table , which are used for subsequent calculations.…”

Recent Advances in Quality Strengthening of Perovskite Films by Additive Engineering for Efficient Solar Cells

“…In contemporary times, there has been a surge of interest in FPSCs due to their prospective utilization in portable and wearable electronic commodities. [106][107][108][109] At the same time, with the deepening of research, FPSCs are also facing some challenges different from PSCs. First, when the FPSCs substrate is bent or stretched, the perovskite layer may generate cracks that directly hinder the carrier transmission and lead to the performance loss of the gadget.…”

Epitaxial 2D PbS Nanosheet‐Formamidinium Lead Triiodide Heterostructure Enabling High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

“…In addition, constructing two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) perovskite heterostructures, additive engineering, and strain engineering have proved to be effective in stabilizing 𝛼-FAPbI 3 . [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Among them, appropriate compression strain can not only improve the stability of FA-based perovskites but also improve carrier mobility and carrier lifetime leading to high-performance photovoltaic devices. [13,16] Due to their extraordinary in-plane carrier mobility and conductivity, 2D materials attract attention in photovoltaics, photoelectric detection, and other optoelectronic fields.…”