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Povzetek Varnost danes ni ogrožena le zaradi oboroženih konfliktov, temveč predvsem in vedno pogosteje zaradi kompleksnih kriz. Učinkovit odziv nanje zahteva od nacionalnovarnostnega sistema stalno prilagajanje in pripravljenost na nepredvidljivost varnostnih razmer s prožno strukturo, razvito koordinacijo in z zmogljivostmi, sposobnimi ukrepanja na podlagi sistemskih in jasnih pravil na področju kriznega upravljanja. Prispevek osvetljuje pomen kriznega upravljanja v sodobni družbi s poudarkom na obrambnem področju, na katerem na podlagi teoretičnih in praktičnih spoznanj daje predloge, ki bi lahko bili za Slovensko vojsko kakovosten izhodiščni okvir za razpravo pri oblikovanju nujnih odgovorov na sodobne izzive kriznega upravljanja. Slovenija, njen nacionalnovarnostni sistem kot tudi vse njegove sestavine, vključno s Slovensko vojsko, si ne smejo in ne morejo dovoliti, da krizo pričakajo nepripravljeni ter brez vnaprej izoblikovanega in delujočega celovitega koncepta na področju kriznega upravljanja. Ključne besede: kriza, krizno upravljanje, krizno odzivanje, vaje kriznega upravljanja. Abstract Today, security is not threatened only because of armed conflicts, but mostly and increasingly because of the complexity of crises. An effective response to those crises requires the national security system to constantly adapt and remain ready for the unpredictable nature of the security situation. This can be achieved with a flexible structure, well-developed coordination and capabilities apt to react on the basis of clear and system rules in the field of crisis management. The article highlights the importance of crisis management in the modern society with the emphasis on the field of defence. It provides theory- and practice-based suggestions, which could serve as a quality frame of reference for a discussion in the process of preparing crucial responses to the contemporary challenges of crisis management. Slovenia, its national security system along with its components, including the Slovenian Armed Forces, cannot and should not presume to enter a crisis unprepared and without a pre-framed, effective and comprehensive crisis-management concept. Key words: Crisis, crisis management, crisis response, crisis management exercises.
Povzetek Varnost danes ni ogrožena le zaradi oboroženih konfliktov, temveč predvsem in vedno pogosteje zaradi kompleksnih kriz. Učinkovit odziv nanje zahteva od nacionalnovarnostnega sistema stalno prilagajanje in pripravljenost na nepredvidljivost varnostnih razmer s prožno strukturo, razvito koordinacijo in z zmogljivostmi, sposobnimi ukrepanja na podlagi sistemskih in jasnih pravil na področju kriznega upravljanja. Prispevek osvetljuje pomen kriznega upravljanja v sodobni družbi s poudarkom na obrambnem področju, na katerem na podlagi teoretičnih in praktičnih spoznanj daje predloge, ki bi lahko bili za Slovensko vojsko kakovosten izhodiščni okvir za razpravo pri oblikovanju nujnih odgovorov na sodobne izzive kriznega upravljanja. Slovenija, njen nacionalnovarnostni sistem kot tudi vse njegove sestavine, vključno s Slovensko vojsko, si ne smejo in ne morejo dovoliti, da krizo pričakajo nepripravljeni ter brez vnaprej izoblikovanega in delujočega celovitega koncepta na področju kriznega upravljanja. Ključne besede: kriza, krizno upravljanje, krizno odzivanje, vaje kriznega upravljanja. Abstract Today, security is not threatened only because of armed conflicts, but mostly and increasingly because of the complexity of crises. An effective response to those crises requires the national security system to constantly adapt and remain ready for the unpredictable nature of the security situation. This can be achieved with a flexible structure, well-developed coordination and capabilities apt to react on the basis of clear and system rules in the field of crisis management. The article highlights the importance of crisis management in the modern society with the emphasis on the field of defence. It provides theory- and practice-based suggestions, which could serve as a quality frame of reference for a discussion in the process of preparing crucial responses to the contemporary challenges of crisis management. Slovenia, its national security system along with its components, including the Slovenian Armed Forces, cannot and should not presume to enter a crisis unprepared and without a pre-framed, effective and comprehensive crisis-management concept. Key words: Crisis, crisis management, crisis response, crisis management exercises.
Povzetek Zgodovina kaže, da so bili ljudje vedno, še pred izbruhom vojne, deležni vplivov v obliki pojasnil, razlag, informacijskih kampanj in podobnega, kar pa je bilo zelo odvisno od tega, kako so razmere videli ali jih želeli prikazati pomembni akterji, predvsem aktualna oblast. Vodstvo države torej komunicira tako z državljani svoje države kot z državami oziroma oblastjo in državljani drugih držav ter naddržavnimi in nedržavnimi subjekti. Namen tega komuniciranja je doseči ali podpirati dosego določenega strateškega cilja, h kateremu so usmerjeni vse dejavnosti in elementi moči države, tudi njenih oboroženih sil. Komunikacijska strategija in njeno ustrezno izvajanje lahko odločilno prispevata k uresničevanju nacionalnih ciljev, država pa lahko z učinkovitim strateškim komuniciranjem deluje tudi v podporo njenim oboroženim silam in odločilno prispeva k varnosti države. Zato je strateško komuniciranje element in orodje moči države, ki pa ga je treba ustrezno uporabiti. Strateško komuniciranje izvajajo tudi zavezništva, pa tudi naddržavni in nedržavni subjekti. Zveza Nato je razvila politiko in koncept strateških komunikacij, ki to zahtevno in široko področje natančno opredeljuje. Kljub temu marsikdaj in v številnih državah, tudi članicah zavezništva, pojem strateškega komuniciranja enačimo (le) z odnosi z javnostmi. Ključne besede: komuniciranje, strategija, strateško komuniciranje, oborožene sile, država, javnosti, informacijsko delovanje, psihološke operacije. Abstract History has shown that even before the outbreak of a war, people were influenced by different clarifications, explanations, information campaigns and the like. These instruments, however, were strongly conditioned by how the situation was perceived or wanted to be shown by important actors, especially the authorities in power. State management therefore uses this means to communicate with the citizens of its country as well as with the countries or authorities and citizens of other countries as well as with transnational and non-state entities. The purpose of this communication is to achieve or support the achievement of a specific strategic goal, which all activities and elements of state power, including its armed forces, aim for. The communication strategy and its proper implementation can make a decisive contribution to the achievement of national goals. The state, on the other hand, can use effective strategic communication to support its armed forces and decisively contribute to the country’s security. Strategic communications is therefore an element and tool of state power, which, however, needs to be used in a proper manner. Strategic communications is also carried out by alliances, as well as transnational and non-state actors. NATO has developed strategic communications concept and policy, which accurately defines this demanding and broad subject area. Nevertheless, in many countries, including members of the Alliance, the concept of strategic communication is many a time associated (only) with public affairs. Key words: Communication, strategy, strategic communications, armed forces, state, public, information operations, psychological operations
In 2009, NATO adopted the Strategic Communications Concept. In the period when we are acquainting ourselves with this concept in the Republic of Slovenia, adopting the prescribed standards in this field and deciding on the breadth of its use, we also began to regulate the subject-specific terminology. In the theoretical part of the article we thus present some basic premises of terminology as a science and the NATO's Strategic Communications Concept, while the empirical part presents the process of identifying the appropriate Slovenian term for this concept. Key words Strategic communications, strategic communication, terminology, NATO, StratCom.
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