Native Mascots and Ethnic Fraud in Higher Education: Using Tribal Critical Race Theory and the Interest Convergence Principle as an Analytic Tool

Racism and Racial Equity in Higher Education

“…Thus, TribalCrit honors Indigenous ways of knowing, acknowledges the role of colonization and imperialism in shaping the experience of Indigenous peoples, and emphasizes exposing systems that oppress indigenous peoples and improve these communities (Brayboy, ). Scholars have begun to apply a TribalCrit lens to critically examine how colleges and universities embrace celebrations of superficial forms of multiculturalism but reinforce systems of racial oppression that harm Indigenous populations (Castagno & Lee ; Covarrubias & Windchief, ; Wright & Balutski, ). For example, they argue that postsecondary institutions' use of Native American mascots do nothing to “honor” Native Americans and instead represents an exercise in White supremacy.…”

“Be Real Black for Me”

“…These racecrits sought to address the experiences of Latinas/os, Asians, and Indigenous people in ways CRT had failed to do. These "crits" worked to advance our understanding of the ways non-Black people are raced and draw our attention to issues such as language, nativistic racism, and colonialism (Brayboy, 2001(Brayboy, , 2005Castagno & Lee, 2007;Cerecer, 2013;Chae, 2004;Chang, 1993;Haynes Writer, 2008;Solorzano & Bernal, 2001;Solorzano & Yosso, 2002;Valdes, 1996;Yosso, 2006).…”

Comparative Reflections on Indigenous Gambling: Sovereignty, Race and Epistemology

“…This research contributes to a rich body of existing literature in Canada and the US centred on the figure of the "Indian" as a vehicle for non-Indigenous identification and habitation and a staple trope of Hollywood entertainment industries (Francis 1995;Churchill 2003;Marubbio 2006). It also highlights how gambling specifically mediates other cultural processes and practices, from "Indian mascots" (Fryberg and Watts 2010) and "ethnic fraud" (Castagno and Lee 2007) to "self-Aboriginalisation" (Cuillier and Dente Ross 2007) and the stories about Indigenous gambling told in television drama and animated sitcoms.…”