“…Following the commercialization of quadrupole/TWIMS/time-of-flight mass spectrometers, modern technological developments have further extended the range of CIU examples. Current applications of CIU encompass probing protein–protein complexes, , protein–ligand interactions, ,− and binding of lipids to membrane proteins. , CIU also plays a key role to investigate therapeutically relevant proteins, allowing more conformational insights into monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), − biosimilars, and antibody–drug conjugates. , In particular, Tian et al demonstrated that subtle differences between intact mAbs subclasses, with different numbers and patterns of disulfide bridges, could be distinguished based on their gas-phase unfolding. Recently, Botzanowski et al expanded this strategy to the middle-level classification of mAbs subclasses, which provides a more clear-cut categorization than the intact level …”