Native Fluorescent Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for Green Sensing Applications: Curcuminoids in Curcuma longa Powder

Abstract

Natural deep eutectic solvents are a trending topic in Green Chemistry. These solvents present high solubilization capacity, reusability, tunable properties, simple preparation, biodegradability, safety, high availability, and low cost, making them excellent candidates for analytical applications. In this work, a new family of fluorescent eutectic systems is described, with the fluorescence property being unknown and unused so far. For this purpose, a novel preparation method using an ultrasound probe was employed, by means of an innovative single-step procedure, that included the preparation of FCH (fructose, citric acid, and water, 1:1:5 molar ratio) and the extraction/determination of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa powder. This methodology was successfully carried out by employing a portable and inexpensive 3D-printed fluorometer and a smartphone. In this way, extraction efficiencies between 90 and 106%, relative to the NIST reference method, were obtained in just 3.40 min. Besides, the greenness of the new methodology was evaluated by employing the AGREE metric, showing that the developed approach is >2.5 times greener than previously published works for curcuminoid determination. This groundbreaking procedure is robust, versatile, and simple to implement, does not require sophisticated apparatus or instruments in the detection step, and, mainly, agrees with Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) principles.

On‐Site Preparation of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Solar Energy

“…[53] Aiming to demonstrate the advantages of the method towards the formation and utilization of NADES in the field, the extraction and detection of chlorophyll A from Vitis vinifera leaves was performed. As previously described, an smartphone-based fluorometer [18,47] was used for these experiments. To select the best solvent for the extraction of chlorophyll A, the extraction capacity of the ten NADES obtained by the solar preparation method was initially investigated.…”

“…[4][5][6] Due to these properties and the versatility they provide to the experimental design, the number of reports describing NADES has increased enormously in the last few years. [7] Among other applications, [8][9][10][11] NADES have been used in selective extractions, [12][13][14][15] in electrochemical [16][17] and fluorescence [18] detection, as media for enzymatic or chemical reactions [19][20][21][22] as preservatives for labile compounds, [23][24][25][26] and as vehicles of nonwater-soluble compounds for pharmaceutical purposes. [27][28][29] So far, five methods have been published for the preparation of NADES, including heating and stirring (HS), [30] evaporation, [30][31] freeze drying, [32] sonication, [18,33] and microwave heating.…”

“…[7] Among other applications, [8][9][10][11] NADES have been used in selective extractions, [12][13][14][15] in electrochemical [16][17] and fluorescence [18] detection, as media for enzymatic or chemical reactions [19][20][21][22] as preservatives for labile compounds, [23][24][25][26] and as vehicles of nonwater-soluble compounds for pharmaceutical purposes. [27][28][29] So far, five methods have been published for the preparation of NADES, including heating and stirring (HS), [30] evaporation, [30][31] freeze drying, [32] sonication, [18,33] and microwave heating. [31] While all these methods have specific advantages and limitations, HS remains as the most utilized preparation method.…”

“…[42][43] These approaches represent a significant departure from the traditional to of 3D printing in analytical chemistry, where this type of manufacturing has been primarily used to create of physical objects previously designed to fulfill specific analytical needs. [44][45][46] While our groups have previously demonstrated the possibility to construct instruments for spectrophotometric and fluorometric measurements, [18,[47][48] the iterative nature of additive manufacturing, coupled with the recyclable materials used, makes them ideal complements to meet green chemistry requirements.…”

Green and Economical Bet-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Novel High-Performance Lubricant

“…5 In addition to the advantages of traditional DESs, such as low toxicity, easy availability, low price, ease of synthesis, and tunable physicochemical properties, NADESs feature better biocompatibility and sustainability than DESs. 6 NADESs stand out for being design solvents due to these characteristics; they have been successfully employed in organic reactions, 7 extraction, 8 and the pharmaceutical industry. 9 Meanwhile, these merits pave the way for NADESs to become excellent candidates for new green lubricants.…”