Native egg parasitoids on Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in Spain: Potential biological control agents?

Abstract

The western conifer seed bug (WCSB), Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, (Hemiptera, Coreidae), is a pest of conifers, native to Western North America (Heidemann, 1910) that spread rapidly across Southern and Eastern North America (Gall, 1992;Koerber, 1963) and many other countries around the world (Olivera et al., 2020). This can be attributed to its wide host range (i.e. more than 40 conifer species) (Fent & Kment, 2011) and anthropogenic activities (Kim et al., 2020). The latest records