Native Cellulose: A Composite of Two Distinct Crystalline Forms

Atalla, R.H.; VanderHart, David L.

doi:10.1126/science.223.4633.283

Cited by 1,059 publications

(614 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It would be interesting to know whether the similarities extend to the cellulose in the primary cell walls of other angiosperms. In contrast to the cellulose in the primary cell walls of dicotyledons, Atalla and VanderHart (1984) reported that the cellulose in the secondary cell walls of the dicotyledons cotton and ramie contained more of the I, form than the I, form. Newman (1994) likewise found the I, form predominant in the secondary cell walls of the angiosperms Castanea sativa, Beilschmiedia tawa, E. delegatensis, and Quercus robur but found the I, form predominant in the secondary cell walls of the gymnosperms P. radiata, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Agathis australis.…”

Section: Crystal Formsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Solid-State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Cellulose in the Cell Walls of Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves

Newman¹,

Davies²,

Harris³

1996

Plant Physiology

100

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Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance was used to characterize the molecular ordering of cellulose in a cell-wall preparation containing mostly primary walls obtained from the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Proton and 13C spin relaxation time constants showed that the cellulose was in a crystalline rather than a paracrystalline state or amorphous state. Cellulose chains were distributed between the interiors (40%) and surfaces (60%) of crystallites, which is consistent with crystallite cross-sectional dimensions of about 3 nm. Digital resolution enhancement revealed signals indicative of triclinic and monoclinic crystalline forms of cellulose mixed in similar proportions. Of the five nuclear spin relaxation processes used, proton rotating-frame relaxation provided the clearest distinction between cellulose and other cell-wall components for purposes of editing solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.

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Section: Crystal Formsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…10). The pattern is interpreted as a sum of two overlapping doublets, assigned to the two distinct crystal forms (Atalla and VanderHart, 1984;Newman et al, 1994). The peaks at 90.4 and 88.5 ppm are assigned to I, and I cr stal forms, respectively, and the peak at 89.4 ppm is assigned to a combination of the two.…”

Section: Crystal Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Cellulose in the Cell Walls of Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves

Newman¹,

Davies²,

Harris³

1996

Plant Physiology

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Since its inception, it has been used successfully for investigating polysaccharide conformations in muro. The conformational distinction between the Iα and I forms of cellulose was discovered in this way shortly after the CP-MAS technique was introduced [2,21], as more recently was the broad range of chain conformations adopted by pectic galacturonans within the cell wall [14,25,53].…”

Section: Cell-wall Biophysicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This complexity became attributed to complex coupling between vibrations of groups of bonds within the structure [4,38] and the difficulty of interpreting the spectra caused some disillusionment with this application of the technique. In retrospect, this was unjustified: it was not realised at the time that all natural cellulose contains two distinct forms, cellulose Iα and I [2] and that within each form, there is some variation in the details of chain conformation and interchain hydrogen bonding. Unlike, for example, NMR, vibrational spectra are not significantly averaged over nanosecond timescales.…”

Section: Vibrational (Infrared Absorption and Raman) Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Macromolecular biophysics of the plant cell wall: Concepts and methodology

Jarvis

McCann

2000

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

106

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-Plant cell walls provide form and mechanical strength to the living plant, but the relationship between their complex architecture and their remarkable ability to withstand external stress is not well understood. Primary cell walls are adapted to withstand tensile stresses while secondary cell walls also need to withstand compressive stresses. Therefore, while primary cell walls can with advantage be flexible and elastic, secondary cell walls must be rigid to avoid buckling under compressive loads. In addition, primary cell walls must be capable of growth and are subjected to cell separation forces at the cell corners. To understand how these stresses are resisted by cell walls, it will be necessary to find out how the walls deform internally under load, and how rigid are specific constituents of each type of cell wall. The most promising spectroscopic techniques for this purpose are solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman microscopy. By NMR relaxation experiments, it is possible to probe thermal motion in each cell-wall component. Novel adaptations of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy promise to allow mechanical stress and strain upon specific polymers to be examined in situ within the cell wall. © 2000 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS Cellulose / growth / mobility / pectin CP, cross-polarisation / FT, Fourier-transform / IR, infrared / MAS, magic-angle spinning / NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance / T 2 , spin-spin relaxation time constant

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“…In plant cell walls, cellulose is accumulated in crystalline form (also known as cellulose I) and in amorphous form (7), and the term cellulase is generally used for enzymes hydrolyzing substrates containing b-1,4-glucosidic linkages. Many cellulases have been puriˆed and their substrate speciˆcities characterized in detail, and it is reported that almost all cellulases utilize amorphous cellulose as a substrate, whereas only a limited number of cellulases can hydrolyze crystalline cellulose.…”

Section: B Hydrolysis Of Crystalline Cellulose By Cellobiohydrolasementioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Analysis of Cellobiohydrolase: Quantification of Enzymatic Reaction at a Solid/Liquid Interface Applying the Concept of Surface Density

Igarashi

Wada

Samejima

2009

TIGG

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In nature, crystalline cellulose is mainly degraded by cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) produced by various microorganisms. Since both substrate and enzymatic features relate to the reaction and the reaction proceeds at a solid/liquid interface, it is quite di‹cult to perform the quantitative analysis of CBH. In the present study, we estimate the surface area of crystalline celluloses by the adsorption maxima (Amax) of CBH, the speciˆc activity of CBH (k＝v/A) was plotted versus surface density ( r＝ A/Amax) to adjust for the diŠerence of surface area, and quantify the reaction rate of CBH. The results obtained from the approach indicate that the feature of crystalline cellulose greatly aŠects the reaction of CBH.

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Native Cellulose: A Composite of Two Distinct Crystalline Forms

Cited by 1,059 publications

References 14 publications

Solid-State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Cellulose in the Cell Walls of Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves

Solid-State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Cellulose in the Cell Walls of Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves

Macromolecular biophysics of the plant cell wall: Concepts and methodology

Kinetic Analysis of Cellobiohydrolase: Quantification of Enzymatic Reaction at a Solid/Liquid Interface Applying the Concept of Surface Density

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