“…4 In 1717, freemasons from English lodges formed the first grand lodge, what would become the Grand Lodge of England, and in 1723, a Scots Presbyterian minister living in England, James Anderson, published The Constitutions of the Free-Masons, which was soon translated into other languages. 5 By the 1720s, masonic lodges could be found in many places in the Atlantic world -Ireland, France, and British Americaseemingly in response to the accelerating population growth and economic activity across the Atlantic basin. 6 In the three decades of peace after the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713), natural reproduction in the French and British settler colonies saw populations doubling every twenty to twenty-five years, a phenomenon Benjamin Franklin analyzed in a 1755 pamphlet entitled Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.…”