Nationwide General Social Surveys

Davis, James A.; Mohler, Peter Ph.; Smith, Tom W.

doi:10.1515/9783110887617.17

Cited by 143 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These studies tended to show negligible differences in positive and negative affect with aging, or patterns of gain in the former and loss in the latter. National and international studies of happiness also showed fairly constant profiles across age groups (Inglehart, 1990), or even gains at least until the oldest cohorts (Davis & Smith, 1995). Bolstering these patterns, a longitudinal study, using data over 23 years, showed stability in positive affect and decreases in negative affect (Charles, Reynolds, & Gatz, 2001).…”

Section: Aging and Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 90%

Diverse pathways to positive and negative affect in adulthood and later life: An integrative approach using recursive partitioning.

Gruenewald

Mroczek

Ryff

et al. 2008

Developmental Psychology

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Recursive partitioning is an analytic technique that is useful for identifying complex combinations of conditions that predict particular outcomes as well as for delineating multiple subgroup differences in how such factors work together. As such, the methodology is well suited to multidisciplinary, life course inquiry in which the goal is to integrate many interacting influences and understand subgroup variation. The authors conducted recursive partitioning analyses on a previously published study (D. K. Mroczek & C. M. Kolarz, 1998) that investigated life course profiles of positive and negative affect and incorporated various top-down (personality traits) and bottom-up (sociodemographic statuses, contextual influences) influences. The new analyses reveal multiway, nonlinear interactions among these variables in predicting affective experience and, importantly, life course differences in how these various factors combine. Included are details of how recursive partitioning trees are generated as well as descriptions of the software packages available for using such techniques. Overall, the methodology offers tractable strategies for discerning meaningful patterns in highly complex data sets.

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Section: Aging and Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 90%

Diverse pathways to positive and negative affect in adulthood and later life: An integrative approach using recursive partitioning.

Gruenewald

Mroczek

Ryff

et al. 2008

Developmental Psychology

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“…A previously validated 5-item measure of religiosity 15 and a 12-item spirituality instrument 16 were embedded during the fi nal data collection. The current study represents data collected 36 months after enrollment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religion, Spirituality, and Health Status in Geriatric Outpatients

Daaleman

Perera

Studenski

2004

The Annals of Family Medicine

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49ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Religion and spirituality remain important social and psychological factors in the lives of older adults, and there is continued interest in examining the effects of religion and spirituality on health status. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction of religion and spirituality with self-reported health status in a community-dwelling geriatric population. METHODSWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of 277 geriatric outpatients participating in a cohort study in the Kansas City area. Patients underwent a home assessment of multiple health status and functional indicators by trained research assistants. A previously validated 5-item measure of religiosity and 12-item spirituality instrument were embedded during the fi nal data collection. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the relationship between each factor and self-reported health status. RESULTSIn univariate analyses, physical functioning (P <.01), quality of life (P <.01), race (P <.01), depression (P <.01), age (P = .01), and spirituality (P <.01) were all associated with self-reported health status, but religiosity was not (P = .12). In a model adjusted for all covariates, however, spirituality remained independently associated with self-appraised good health (P = .01).CONCLUSIONS Geriatric outpatients who report greater spirituality, but not greater religiosity, are more likely to appraise their health as good. Spirituality may be an important explanatory factor of subjective health status in older adults. INTRODUCTIONT here is continued interest in examining the interaction of religion and spirituality with health-related outcomes.1 Although health status has been one outcome of interest, a research review found an inconsistent relationship between measures of religiosity and subjective health status, limited by a failure to control for known covariates of health status.2 It is possible that functional status is predictive of both religious service attendance and health status, which suggests one potential confounding factor.3 In addition, although multiple studies have examined the association between religion and self-reported health, 2 none have explored the relationship among religion, spirituality, and health status.Religion and spirituality are important social and psychological factors in the lives of older adults, 4 and the examination of self-reported health status is a key component of aging research. Global measures of self-rated health are independent predictors of mortality, even after adjusting for other such covariates as social and demographic factors and health behaviors. 5 In elderly persons self-ratings of health are strongly associated with changes in functional status over time, and those who report poor health are at increased risk for declines in their physical functioning.6 Health status, despite variations in how it is measured, has also repeatedly been shown to be the best predictor of health service utilization. In studies that examine health-related outcom...

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“…Spiritual experiences are not rare, with five to forty percent of the general population reporting having had at least one spiritual or mystical experience (Allman et al, 1992;Davis & Smith, 1985;Greeley, 1974;Ring, 1985;Thomas & Cooper, 1978). Indeed, spiritual practices such as prayer, meditation, or entheogen use are associated with increased numbers of spiritual or mystical experiences (e.g., Lyvers & Meester, 2012;Walsh & Vaughan, 1991), and the occurrence of these experiences is correlated with wellbeing (e.g., Griffiths et al, 2011;Griffiths, Richards, Johnson, McCann, & Jesse, 2008;Griffiths, Richards, McCann, & Jesse, 2006;Hood, 1977;Maslow, 1994).…”

Section: Spiritualitymentioning

confidence: 99%