“…Specifically, incumbency and ideology have both been used as predictors of online activity sophistication. Regarding the former of these, because more established political actors could be expected to gain more coverage in established media such as print or broadcast (Vergeer and Hermans, 2013), challengers have been found to try to counter this dominance by employing new communication technologies to larger extents (Carlson, 2007;Druckman et al, 2007;Gibson, Lusoli, & Ward, 2008;Jackson & Lilleker, 2009), a finding that appears to have been at least partly challenged in the supposed 2.0 era (Williams & Gulati, 2012). As for the latter, the influence of ideology has been reported as fluctuating.…”