Nationality vs industry cultures: which has a greater effect on managerial behavior?

A review of the literature on culture in hotel management research: What is the future?

“…The first step was to identify different types of culture. Pizam (1993) states that culture exists everywhere and at various levels of society, thus his 'hierarchy of culture' has been applied to international hotel groups to study cross-cultural hospitality enterprises (Pizam et al, 1997;Roper et al, 1997). In this study, culture was divided into six dimensions: four of whichCorporate Culture (such as the Ritz Carlton), Industry Culture (such as hotels), National Culture (such as Japanese) and Organizational Culture (such as team) -have been discussed in Pizam's (1993) previous work.…”

“…The current body of culture review studies seems to place more emphasis on the influence of culture in different subject areas. However, few investigations have been conducted from the industrial perspective, especially given that culture exists at the industrial level (Pizam et al, 1997) and no single industry is homogeneous (Jones, 1999).…”

National culture, leadership and citizenship: Implications for cross-cultural management

“…While some work has been done, we know little about how the dynamics of the industry impact the relationship between leaders and stakeholders in the multi-cultural environment. Pizam et al (1997) study provided some insight as to the impact of national culture versus the hotel industry's culture on managerial behavior. In addition, the researchers attempted to identify the impact of personal work values on managerial behavior.…”

Ethics in the Hospitality Industry: Review and Research Agenda

“…Scholars agree that culture shapes people's thoughts, attitudes, values, and eventually their behavior. For instance, Pizam et al (1997) conclude that national culture has a greater effect on managers' behavior than the culture of a particular industry. They report more differences than communalities between hotel managers' practices in Korea, Japan, and Hong Kong.…”