"Nationalism" In the United States

A History of the BIG Idea

“…"The principle is that no man's work ought to be, on the whole, harder for him than any other man's for him, the workers themselves to be the judges." If a trade is so arduous that it has to be done in ten-minute shifts, then ten minutes is the length of the workday (Bellamy 1889(Bellamy /1960Gilman 1889).…”

“…And while "retirement" was not even a concept, much less a possibility, for most Americans in the 1880s, in Bellamy's utopia everyone retires from the industrial army at the age of 45 and then pursues any avocation, or none. For Bellamy, work was not necessarily the highest or most meaningful part of anyone's existence (Franklin 1938, Gilman 1889.…”